

Historic 
and 

Modern , 
Washington 



Mary Smith Lockwood, 

AUTHOR OF "HISTORIC HOMES OF WASHINGTON." 



/ 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



-TO- 



HISTORIC AND MODERN 




WASHINGTON 



-BY- 



MARY S. LOCKWOOD, 



Author of ' " Historic Homes of Washington. 



HARRISBURG, PA.: 

Harrisbttrg Publishing Co. 

1897. 



ii INDEX. 

Rosedale, 10' 

Oak View, 10 

Tudor Place, v 11 

Home of Brodisco, 11 

Linthicum Mansion, 11 

The Oaks, 11 

Mount Vernon, , 11 

Washington Barrack, 11 

Navy Yard, 11 

Tomb of George and Martha Washington, 12 

The Mansion, 12 

Banquet Hall, 12 

Key of Bastile, 13 

Alexandria, 13^ 

Christ Church, 13 

The Beautiful Female Stranger, : 13 

Old Braddock House, 14- 

Arlington, 14 

National Cemetery, 14 

Badensburg, 14 

Calvert Mansion, 15' 

Old Capitol Prison, 15 

The Capitol, 15- 

Old Representatives' Hall, 10 

Franzoni's Historical Clock, 17 

Cornstalk Columns, 17 

Old Senate Chamber, 1& 

Rotunda, 18 

The Iron Dome, 2a 

Eastern Portico, 20 

Bronze Doors, 21 

House of Representatives, 21 

The Crypt, 22 

Senate Chamber, 22 

Senate Reception Room, 23 

The Congressional Library, 24 

Illustration : Congressional Library, 24 

Section of Main Staircase, 28 

Bronze Doors of Library, 29 

Foyer, 29 

Illustration: The Public Reading Room, 29 

Gallery of Rotunda, 30 

The Rotunda, 30 

Reading Room, 30 



INDKX. Ill 

The Stack Rooms, 32 

Representatives' Reading Room 33 

Senate Reading Eoom, 33 

Illustration: Ground Plan of Library, 34 

North Vault, First Story, 35 

South Vault, Second Story, 36 

Art Gallery, 37 

Pavilion of Seals 38 

Pavilion of Seals, 39 

Public Eestaurant in Library, 39 

Smithsonian Institution, 40 

The National Museum, 41 

Department of Ethnology, 43 

Oriental Antiquities, '. 43 

Flemish Tapestries, 44 

Mammals, 44 

Anthropology, 44 

Washington Monument 45 

Bureau of Eng'raving and Printing, 46 

Department of Agriculture, 46 

The Weather Bureau, 46 

Medical Museum, 47 

Treasury Building, 47 

Department of Justice, '. 49 

Interior Department, 51 

Post Office, 51 

Dead Letter Office, 52 

City Post Office, 52 

Pension Building, 52 

Government Printing Office, 52 

Department of Labor, 52 

Interstate Commerce, 53 

Civil Service, 53 

Venezuela, ,,.... 53 

Navy Yard, 53 

Marine Barracks, 53 

Naval Observatory, 53 

Braddock Bock, 53 

New Naval Observatory, 53 

Corcoran Art Gallery 54 

Illustration: Corcoran Art Gallery, 54 

Members of the Cabinet, 5j> 

The Chief Justices, 55 

Mr. Spoff ord, 56 



iv INDEX. 

Senator Sherman, 56 

The Strathmore Arms, 56 

Alexander Shepherd, 56 

Dr. Taber Johnson's Sanitarium, 56 

Lowrey Mansion — Vanderbilt's, .56 

Mary Clemmen Ames, 57 

Grace Greenwood, 57 

Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia), 57 

&jXf=„N' Mrs. Er-tfr-B. Southworth, 57 

Frances Hodgson Burnett, 57 

John Hay, 57 

Madame Dahlgren, 57 

Thomas Nelson Page, 57 

British Legation, 58 

French Legation, 58 

Russian Legation, 58 

Mexican Legation, 58 

German Legation, 58 

Chinese Legation, 58 

Japanese Legation 58 

Spanish Legation, 58 

Korea Legation, 58 

Argentine Eepublie Legation, 58 

Hungary Legation, 58 

Soldiers' Home, 59 

Howard University, 59 

Bock Creek Church, 60 

Catholic University, 60 

Eckington, 60 

Kendall Green, 60 

St. Elizabeth's, 61 

Zoological Park 61 

Chevy Chase, 61 

Glen Echo, 61 

Calvin John's Bridge, 61 

Great Falls, 61 

Daughters of the American Bevolution - 62 

Woman's National Press Association, 62 

Federation Women's Clubs, 62 

Sons of the American Revolution, 63 

Official Etiquette, 63 

Clubs, 65 

Churches, _ 55 



I. DAYY BURNS' COTTAGE. 

By extracts from old land patents dating back to June 5th, 
1663, we find a company of Scotch and Irish emigrated to 
America about that time, and made a settlement on the land 
now included in the District of Columbia. They divided their 
land into farms, and gave the name of "New Scotland" to their New 
home. One by one the original proprietors, David Burns, Not- Scotland 
ley Young, Daniel Carroll, and Samuel Davidson, surrendered ] 
their lands to be laid out as a city, and gave one-half, or every 
other lot, to the Government for the purpose of raising funds 
for the erection of public buildings. The land comprised seven 
thousand one hundred acres. 

The cornerstone of the District was laid April 5, 1791. Un- 
der the direction of "Washington, Peter Charles L'Enf ant, a skill- 
ful French engineer, . was employed to lay out the city. Major 
L'Enfant adopted Jefferson's plans, the old Babylonial one, of 
parallelograms and angles, and over it laid his own plan of broad 
transverse avenues, thus intersecting the streets of the city with 
a variety of circles, open squares and triangular reservations. 

In two months after L'Enfant's plan was published he was dis- 
missed from the service and Andrew Elliott was chosen to finish 
the laying out of the city after L'Enfant's plan. 

When Washington made the contract with Mr. Burns for his 
farm, he agreed to have the lines of the streets so run as not to 
disturb the cottage of the latter. This agreement was faithfully Bums' 

• , Cottage 

carried out, and the oldest house in Washington to-day is the 
cottage of Davy Burns. 

This cottage became the rendezvous of George Washington, 
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Tom 
Moore was here an honored guest. The little room from which ^^ re , a 
he could look out upon the Potomac is still called "Tom Moore's Room 
room." 

In 1820 a new mansion was built, which is known as the Van 
Ness House. Latrobe, whose master hand is in the Capitol, was Tte 
its architect. It is south of the White House, at the foot of JjJJ lte 
Seventeenth street, and is reached by driving across the <f White 
Lot." 



House 



Jeff. 



2 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

On your way from the Burns cottage, turn into New York 
avenue at corner of Eighteenth street, to reach the Octagon 
octagon House, built by Ogle Tayloe about one hundred years ago. In 
this house President Madison lived after the White House was 
burned by the British in 1814. Here, in the octagon room, over 
the hallway, the Treaty of Peace was drawn. Here, surrounded 
by brilliant scholars, statesmen, heroes of the war, and citizens, 
Dolly Madison, as center of attraction, held her famous "Draw- 
ing Rooms." 

On the southeast corner of Eighteenth street and G- stands a 
plain three-story brick building with a long L, erected by Ed- 
"Everett war( ^- Everett when he Avas Secretary of State under Fillmore. 
By his lecture on Washington he secured $100,000 toward the 
fund to purchase Mt. Vernon from the Washington family. The 
next person to occupy the house was Jefferson Davis, then Secre- 
Davis -f; ar y f ^r ar lin d er President Pierce. Capt. Henry A. Wise, 
commander in the Navy, and son-in-law of Edward Everett, 
afterward lived there. It has since been used as the Medical De- 
partment of the Navy for a dispensary. 

The Wirt Mansion is a few rods east of the Edward Everett 
House, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets, on the 
south side. The eminent jurist lived here twelve years, while 
Attorney General, a position he held during the administrations 
of James Monroe and John Quincy Adams. The house is rich in 
incident and stories of the past. The first authentic record wc 
i^fcarto have of it shows it was formerly owned by Tobias Lear, private 
1 |ierdick secretary of George Washington. During the years Mr. Lear oc- 
cupied it, the Judges of the Supreme Court, of which Judge 
Marshall was chief, were frequent visitors. John Quincy 
Adams, James Monroe, William H. Crawford, of Georgia; Rich- 
ard Rush, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of the Treasury; John C. 
Calhoun, Secretary of War; Smith Thompson, of New York, 
Secretary of the Navy; John McLane, Postmaster General, and 
Henry Clay, of Kentucky, were continual guests. 

This house was afterward used as a fashionable boarding school 
for young ladies by one Mrs. Smith, who here entertained the 
Prince of Wales. 



Wirt 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 




THE WHITE HOUSE. 



II. LA FAYETTE SQUARE. 

The home of the President is first in importance, and is 
familiarly known as the White House. Washington officiated at 
the laying of -the cornerstone, but never lived in it. It is an im- 
posing edifice, fashioned after the style of the Duke of Leinster's 
palace in Dublin, built by the famous Architect Hoban. It was 
the first house built on the square and was finished in 1800. It 
is situated on the reservation known as "the President's 
grounds/' fronting Pennsylvania avenue and running back to 
the Potomac river. Its style of architecture is Grecian. On the 
north side a grand portico is supported by Ionic columns; a 
semi-circular colonnade is on the south. Spacious corridors, 
grand salons, lofty ceilings, state and private dining rooms, 
library and living rooms do credit to the ability of the architect. ^ 4 f ,ar 

The building is 170 feet long by 86 wide, two stories in 
height in front, and three in the rear. A port cochere is in 
front. From the main portico the door opens into a spacious 



The 
Wliite 
House 
Pa. ave 
and F st 
cars to 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



Bast 

Room 



vestibule, 40 by 50 feet wide. At the right is a private waiting- 
room for the use of callers. To the left is a hall and stairway 
that leads to the Executive Department above. Through this 
hall and the main portico you enter the grand corridor running 
east and west, its walls decorated with the portraits of the Presi- 
dents. At the west end of corridor is the conservatory; at the 



State 

Dining 

Room 




THE EAST ROOM. 

east is the east room, 40 by 80 feet long and 22 feet high. Valu- 
able paintings decorate the walls. It is richly furnished and 
open to visitors from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M., except during the 
state ceremonies. The President receives his friends informally 
in this room, usually at 1 o'clock. 

Opening out of the grand corridor are the green, blue and red 
rooms, taking their names from the prevailing color of the deco- 
rations and furnishings. They are open to the public only on 
reception clays, or by special request. 

On the southwest corner is the state dining room, where all 
the Presidents since John Adams have served banquets of state. 

Opposite the corridor is the family dining room. On the east 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 5 

and south sides of the upper floor are the Executive offices. The 
visitor who wishes to pay his respects to the President, or who 
has business with him, announces his wish at the front entrance. 
He will be escorted to the ante-room above, his card will be sent 
in to the President's private secretary, and if it be the proper 
time, he will be admitted to the President. Private 

Apart- 

The private apartments for the President's family are in the ™ ei l* so * 
west end of the building. They consist of a main stairway, and dent 
corridor and nine living rooms. 

The basement floor is given up to kitchens, store rooms, laun- 
dry, servants' rooms, etc. st Jolm , s 

At the conclusion of the War of 1812, St. John's Church was ^J^ to 
built, the first building erected on the square after the White 16th8t 
House, and is on the north side. 

The first private house on the square was built by Commodore 
Decatur in 1819, on the corner of H and Sixteenth streets, 
known as "Jackson Place." Decatur lived here when he fought 
the famous duel with Commodore Barron. After Mrs. Decatur 
left the house it was occupied by the Eussian Minister, Baron 
Tuyl. When John Quincy Adams was President, his Secretary Ma^lSon 
of State, Henry Clay, lived here. When Jackson was President, 
his Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren, lived here. Edward 
Livingston succeeded Mr. Van Buren in the Cabinet and in this 
house. Sir Charles Vaughan, when Minister from Great 
Britain, made this house a center of refined and elegant society. 
Baron Hyde de Neuville, also here represented the French aris- 
tocracy of the old regime. Later, the house was purchased by 
Gen. Edward Fitzgerald Beale, grandson of Commodore Trux- 
ton. Every President from Madison to General Grant has been 
entertained under its roof. 

A few rods south of this house, in the same square, is the 
Daniel Sickles House, the second house built on the square, and 

Daniel 

erected by Dr. Ewell of the Navy. Mr. Stockton, of the Navy, sickeis 
afterward bought it. Daniel Sickles lived here when the tra- 
gedy took place, in the opposite side of the square, between him 
and Key. Schuyler Colfax, when Speaker of the House, lived 
here. 

On the corner of H street and Lafayette Place stands the house 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



Dolly 

Madison. 

House 



Cosmos 
Clul>. F 
st car to 
I<a Fay- 
ette 
square 



Benj. 

Ogle 

Tayloe 



Jackass 

IiOt 



Roger B. 

Tanney 

House 



James G. 
Blaine 
House 
Pa. ave 
car or F 
st car to 
Iia Fay- 
ette 
square 



where Mrs. Madison lived, several years after the death of her 
husband, and here she died. It was bnilt by Richard Cutts, Mrs. 
Madison's brother-in-law, husband of the "Sister Cutts" upon 
whom the rhyme was written after the ride with Mrs. Madison, 
when the White House was burned in 1812. 

"My Sister Cutts and Cutts and I, 

And Cutts' children three, 

Will fill the coach, so you must ride 

On horseback after we." 
After the death of Dolly Madison the house was purchased by 
Com. Wilkes, who- captured Mason, and Slidell. During the war 
it was the headquarters of George B. McClellan. It is now owned 
and occupied by the Cosmos Club. 

A few rods to the south of this house, No. 21, is that once 
owned by Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, completed in 1828. The last 
visit made by President William Henry Harrison to any private 
house was to this. When Philip Barton Key was shot by Gen- 
eral Sickles, the former was carried into this house, where he 
soon died. It is now owned and occupied by Hon. J. D. Cam- 
eron, Senator from Pennsylvania. 

On the ground where now stands the La Fayette Opera House, 
once stood the most historic building on the square. The lot 
was once owned by Henry Clay. He exchanged it with Com. 
Eogers for a jackass which Eodgers had brought from a foreign 
port. It is claimed that the famous mules of Kentucky owe 
their origin to this braying grandfather of La Fayette Square. 
Eoger B. Tanney, while Secretary of the Treasury, lived here, 
and after him, Com. Paulding. Subsequently it became a club 
house, and still later it was occupied by William H. Seward, Sec- 
retary of State, and here Payne attempted to assassinate him, 
that memorable night of President Lincoln's murder. General 
and Mrs. Belknap followed Mr. Seward, in the occupancy of the 
house, and Mrs. Belknap died here. It was at one time Govern- 
mental Headquarters for the Commissary Department. Lastly 
it was purchased by James G. Blaine. When his foot crossed its 
threshold the shadow of grief again fell over its portal— at the 
death of his daughter, Mrs. Coppinger, his son Walker, and lastly 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. H 

his own. Perhaps it is well that the curtain has fallen, not to 
rise again over this house as a home. 




STATUE OF LAFAYETTE. 



Not a century has passed since La Fayette Square itself was 
marked by the headstones of dead Powtomacs. Now, through 
forest trees, across velvet lawns can be seen Clark Mills' eques- 
trian statue of Andrew Jackson, "The Hero of New Orleans." 
On the southeast corner is the statue of La Fayette, the gift of 
France to America. 

On the corner diagonally across the street from Dolly Madi- 
son's House is a red brick building with white blinds and a man- 
sard roof, which was the home of Charles Sumner nine years of 
the twenty-three during which he was United States Senator, as 
successor of Daniel Webster. What he had to say, on resuming 
his seat in the Senate, after a three years' absence, in which he 
endured agonies from the hand of Brooks was like the man: 

"I have no personal griefs to utter; only a vulgar egotism could 
intrude such into this chamber. I have no personal wrongs to 
avenge; only a brutal nature could attempt to wield that ven- 



L<a Fay- 
ette 

square a 
grave- 
yard. 



Charles 
Sumner 

House. F 
st car to 
Vermont 
ave 



8 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

geance which belongs to the Lord. The years that have inter- 
vened, and the tombs that have opened since I spoke, have their 
voices too, which I can not fail to hear. Besides, what am I, or 
what is any man among the living, or among the dead, compared 
with the questions before us?" 

Passing La Fayette Square, on the corner of Connecticut 

w. w. avenue and H street, is the house where lived and died W. W. Cor- 

Home. f coran. Many other dignitaries had lived here; notably, during 

i,a C Fay- the Mexican war, Mr. Parkenham, the British minister. Daniel 

ette 

square Webster had owned this home. M. deMontholon, the French 
Minister, occupied the house while Mr. Corcoran was in Europe, 
during the Civil war. After peace was declared, Mr. Corcoran 
returned and occupied it until his death. It is now the home of 
Calvin A. Brice. 

One door east of Mr. Corcoran's home, No. 1609 H. street, is a 
house once owned by Mr. Eitchie, editor and Government 
Printer. Mr. Slidell, Senator from Louisiana, afterward was its 
occupant. Gideon Wells, Secretary of the Navy, lived here dur- 
ing his term of office. 

No. H street, above Sixteenth, a double square brick, was 

„ once the home of George Bancroft, historian. In the second 

George ° ' 

Ho^s C e r °F ^ory of this house was his "workshop/' where he lived among his 
st i6t£st books, pictures and memories of almost a century. A few doors 
east, on the corner of Sixteenth street, is the home of the poetic 
genius, John Hay. 

Among the historic homes of Washington there is not one 
within whose hospitable walls more distinguished people have re- 
sided than in the Blair mansion, situated opposite the White 
House grounds, built in 1810 by Dr. Joseph Lovell, Surgeon 
General, IT. S. A. From its windows was witnessed the burning 
^ of the White House by the British, and the flight of Dolly Madi- 
son. Francis P. Blair purchased it while editor of the Globe. 
It has been occupied by Hon. George Bancroft, Hon. John Y. 
Mason, Gen. Tom Ewing, "the silver-tongued Tom Corwin," 
and Montgomery Blair. 

Among the earliest houses erected in the District was the row 
on the north side of Pennsylvania avenue, between Nineteenth 
and Twentieth, known as the "Seven Buildings." The corner 



Pa. ave 
car 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 9 

house was occupied by Elbridge Gerry, while Vice-President, 

and by President Madison after leaving the Octagon House. ■ 

President and Mrs. Monroe also lived here until the White House Build- 
ings." Pa. 

was rebuilt in 1818. Mr. Frey, chief clerk of the Postmaster cars to . 

19th st 

General, lived in the adjoining house. The third and fourth 
houses were owned by Joseph Forest, who married "Miss Du- 
lany of Shooter's Hill." Com. Bladen Dulany lived in one of 
these. They were afterward owned by Com. French Forrest, 
who lived in the third house from the corner until a short time 
before the war. He was admiral in the Southern Confederacy. 
This property was purchased by Hon. Alfred Ely. Bev. Doug- 
lass Forrest recovered the property. In 1834 Martin Van Buren 
lived in one of these seven buildings. 

Kichard Eush, Secretary of the Treasury from 1825 to 1829, gg^** 
built the house 1710 H street. It was afterward purchased by ^^| e t :p 
Hon. Hamilton Fish. Other occupants have been Sir Frederic wthst 
Bruce, Lord Napier, and Lord Lyons, representing Great Britain 
at Washington. The last owner and occupant was the late Ad- 
miral of the Navy, David D. Porter. Freitng- 

A house of national interest is that once owned by Theodore ivli^iit. 
Frelinghuysen, Secretary of State. Four Cabinet officers have f 7 ^^^ 
made this their home, Frelinghuysen, Wm. M. Evarts, William sts 
Collins Whitney and John Wanamaker. 

During the time Levi P. Morton was a member of Congress he 
lived in a house, corner of Fifteenth and H, where the Shoreham 
now stands. During Mr. Lincoln's administration it was occu- Hooper 
pied by Samuel Hooper. Andrew Johnson was invited here H<mse 
after President Lincoln's assassination. Charles Sumner met 
here the daughter-in-law of Samuel Hooper and made her his 
wife. Here Motley met President Grant and was made Minister 
to the Court of St. James. «cai«met 

The home of Gen. John A. Logan, in which he died, and where j ^*''a, 
his widow now lives, is on Columbia Heights, corner of Clifton J^lf^ 
and Thirteenth streets. Memorial Hall, which Mrs. Logan has cimon s t 
here built, is always open to the public. 

On the northwest corner of Sixth and D streets is a square 
brick house once the home of Salmon P. Chase, Governor of 



COLUMBIA GUIDK 



Salmon 

P. Cliase. 

6th«fcD 



Daniel 

"Webster 

Law 

Building, 

Mw 6th 

•fcFsts 

Iia. ave 



Holland 

House, 

506 13th st 



Ohio, United States Senator;, Secretary of the Treasury and 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 

The last home of Daniel Webster was on Louisiana avenue, 
known as the Webster Law Building. From this house he gave 
bis last brilliant address after his defeat at the Baltimore Con- 
\ention. 

This house was occupied many years by Mr. and Mrs. John- 
son. Seholars_, scientists and patriots gathered here, and here 
Frederika Bremer formulated Jier "Recollections of American 
Life.*' Harriet Martineau also was a valued friend at this house. 
It was the first house opened for the wounded and dying after 
the battle of Bull Bun. Dorothy Dix, Mrs. Johnson, Dr. Bellows 
and Dr. Channing organized the Sanitary Commission in the 
parlors of this house. 



1101 K. st 
see " His- 
toric 
Homes.' 



Daugh- 
ters of the 
American 
Revolu- 
tion 



Travel 
Club 



THE STRATHMORE ARMS. 

This house, once located at 810 Twelfth street, and later re- 
moved to 1101 K street, is noted for the distinguished people — 
soldiers, scholars, statesmen and literari — who from first to last 
have gathered under its roof. 

The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revo- 
lution, having a present membership of over 18,000, was organ- 
ized in this house October 11, 1890. 

The celebrated "Travel Club" was here organized and for 
twelve consecutive years, during the winter, the Monday night 
meetings have been held in the public parlors. 



Rosedale 



View 



Woodley 



GEORGETOWN HEIGHTS. 

Eosedale was owned by Uriah Forrest, a general of the Revo- 
lution, who married Rebecca Plate, of "Rousby Hall." Mrs. 
John Green, his daughter, lived here after her father's death. 
Her daughter married Don Angel de Iturbide, whose father was 
oak the ill-fated Don Augustine I, the first and last Emperor of 
Mexico. A portion of Rosedale, known as "Pretty Prospect," 
was purchased by President Cleveland and called "Oak View." 

Judge Philip Barton Key, who married Ann Plater, lived at 
"Woodley." Francis Scott Key, who wrote "The Star Spangled 
Banner," was his nephew. 



Twdor 
Place 



Home of 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. II 

A beautiful and historic home on Thirty-second street was the 
ancestral home of the Peters family, where the courtly manners 
of old Colonial days prevailed, and all that was best in the 
social circles of Georgetown and Washington was wont to as- 
semble. 

At No. 3142 P street, Georgetown, is the house where the 
greatest fete ever given in Washington was held. This was the 
Russian Minister Bodisco in honor of the birthday of Emperor Bodisco 
Nicholas. (See "Historic Homes.") 

"The Oaks," standing at the head of Thirty-first street, was 
built by a hardware merchant named Linthicum. Many noted 
people have lived here. It is now owned by one of the capital- 
ists of Washington, Henry P. Blount. The beautiful grounds, 
the spacious mansion and the indwelling host and hostess still 
brings sage and philanthropist together. From this home in- 
fluences will go forth that will be dissolvents of prejudices and 
the building of mental forces which will be keenly sympathetic 
with the life of the time. 

III. BEYOND THE POTOMAC. 



Iantlii- 

cnm 

Mansion. 



The Oaks 



Mount 
Vernon 



Pew visitors to the Capital care to leave without making a 
pilgrimage to Mt. Vernon. There is no shrine in the land to- 
ward which so many pilgrims turn as that of the tomb of George 
Washington. One may reach there per steamer McAllister, also 
by the electric cars. The steamer makes daily trips, except Sun- 
day, leaving wharf at foot of Seventh street at 10 A. M., return- 
ing at 2:30 P. M. Fare round trip, 75 cents. As the steamer 
leaves the wharf the long stretch of promontory to the right is 
the "redeemed Potomac Flats." Looking back upon Arlington ington 
Heights, the beautiful curve of the dome of the Capitol is seen 
against the snowy map of cloud, also the golden dome of the 
Library beyond, and the tapering shaft of the Washington Monu- warr 
ment. On the left we pass Washington Barracks, Anacostia g™ 
Branch. At the mouth of this river is the Navy Yard and Gun 
Foundry. Among the trees on the hill is St. Elizabeth's Govern- Aiexan- 
ment Hospital for the Insane. Below is Geisboro Point. Oppo- 
site is the city of Alexandria. There the steamer makes its first 



12 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

stop. Next stop is at Fort Foote, Maryland side, one of the cor- 
Tomb of don of defenses in the last war. The next stop is Fort "Washing- 
and Mar- ton at the mouth of the Piscataway, a stone ease-mated fort 
wash- erected 1815-24, at a cost of over half a million. 

The tolling of the steamer's bell tells that we are passing the 
tomb of Washington. This mark of reverence was instituted in 
1814, August 14, by Commodore Gordon, commander of the 
English fleet, who, when passing Mt. Vernon, ordered the bell of 
his flag-ship to be tolled. 
wharf The wharf where visitors are landed is on the site used by 
Washington for shipping his flour from his own mills. 

The "New Tomb" is south of the old one in which Washing- 
ton was first placed. It is of simple brick, erected in conformity 
with Washington's will. To the vault the body of Washington 
was conveyed April 19, 1831, for the reason that vandals had 
broken into the old tomb and removed what they supposed to 
be the skull of Washington, but which was that of another. 
John Struthers, of Philadelphia, constructed and donated the 
marble sarcophagii, wherein the bodies of Washington and his 
wife were deposited, October 7, 1837. 

The mansion itself is of wood. The center of the house was 

built in 1743, by Lawrence Washington, half brother of the 

General, and named after Admiral Vernon, of the British Navy, 

The Man- under whom Lawrence Washington served. The wings were 

* ioJX added by General Washington, 1784-5. 

The flagging for the east portico was brought from the Isle of 
Banquet Wight. The banquet hall is full of objects of interest. Eem- 
brandt Peale's equestrian portrait of Washington is here, also 
those of La Fayette, Hamilton, Knox, St. Clair, Eoehambeau 
and Lincoln. There is an elaborately carved mantel from Car- 
rera, with Lienna columns, the exquisite workmanship of which 
is attributed to Canova. 

The carved colonnade to the right leads to the state kitchen, 
the one to the left to the family kitchen. In the library Wash- 
ington received the official notification of election as President, 
April 14, 1789. 

The Mt. Vernon Ladies' Association, incorporated 1859, by 
the aid of $100,000, raised by Edward Everett by his lecture on 



Hall 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 1 3 

Washington, purchased the mansion and grounds, 200 acres for 
$200,000, and have done the magnificent work of restoring them Bastiie 
as in the days of George Washington. 

Within the building rooms have been assigned to States in 
the Union. 

In the hall is the key of the Bastiie, presented by La Fayette, 
1789. Near it is his commission as commander-in-chief of the 
Continental Army. 

When all the rooms and their interesting relics have been 
seen — Washington's room, in which he died, December 14, 1799, 
the high-post bedstead and bedding remaining as they were at 
his death, the room to which Martha Washington retired after 
his death and where she remained until her own death, eighteen 
months later, May 22, 1802; the dainty chamber of Nellie Custis, 
and La Fayette's room, with the desk and table he used — the 
visitor steps out to the east portico, where the terraced lawns, 
forest trees and gentle slopes of Potomac's broad expanse shows 
pictures which greeted the young bride of Mt. Vernon in that 
long ago. 

ALEXANDRIA. 

Alexandria and George Washington came into active life to- Clirlgt 
gether. The spot to which every Alexandrian will point with cimrcii 
pride is Christ Church; it contains the pew where George Wash- 
ington sat and worshipped. It was on Christ Church green that 
Washington made the famous declaration of resistance to the 
odious Stamp Act. Tlie 

A legend often on the lips of Alexandrians is that of the jj^^JJJJf 11 
"beautiful stranger." Between the long and short sermon, for stranger 
over seventy years, the "women folks" of old Christ Church 
have talked over without solving the mystery surrounding this 
woman. Under the oaks and cedars in old St. Paul's cemetery See « His _ 
is her grave. A marble slab, resting upon six elaborately carved Homes." 
marble pillars has this inscription: "To the memory of a female 
stranger." 

The house where General Braddock met the governors of the 
colonies is within the enclosure of the New Braddock House. 
In one of the rooms, still preserved, Maj. George Washington, 



14 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

Aid, made appeal to the British general in the presence of the 
governors, to abandon European tactics of war, and adopt 
oidBrad- methods fitted to the nature of the country and the people they 
House must meet. The rejection of this advice cost General Braddock 
his life and the complete discomfiture of his troops. In 178& 
Alexandria was ceded to the United States as a part of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia; in 1846 it was re-ceded to Virginia. 

In 1802, George Washington Parke Custis, the adopted son 
of George Washington, built a house on Arlington Heights and 
established an estate known as Arlington. Into this home, at 

Arltng- ° 

ton the age of 23, he brought his bride, Mary Lee Fitzhugh; there he 
spent his remaining life. The house was modeled after the 
Temple of Theseus at Athens, and consists of a center sixty feet 
long, two wings, each forty feet and a portico with massive doric 
columns sixty feet long, twenty-five feet deep. 

Mary Eandolph Custis, the only child of John Parke Custis 
which lived beyond infancy, married Bobert Lee, 1823, son of 
Governor Henry Lee, the friend of Washington who 
uttered the immortal lines: "First in war, first in 
peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." After the 
death of Custis, Arlington became the property of Mrs. Lee, 
where she lived until the breaking out of the war. The place 
was sold for unpaid taxes, January 11, 1864, the United States 
Government giving over three-fourths of its assessed value. The 
, estate contains about eleven hundred acres. Two hundred of 

National 

Cemetery -t] 11S; surrounding the mansion, was set aside in 1867 as a Na- 
tional cemetery. Here are buried over sixteen thousand soldiers 
of the war. 

A half hour drive from the Capital, through a picturesque 

Biadens- C01Iir try, brings one to the quaint old town of Bladensburg. 
burg Here General Boss brought up his flotilla, and the red coats, after 
sailing up the Anacostia, disembarked just below the bridge and 
advanced toward the Capital. A little to the right, before 
reaching the bridge, is the ground that often witnessed meetings 
made necessary by the "code of honor." A few minutes drive, 
and you pass the old town of the "Have Beens," and enter the 
peaceful village of Hyattsville. Half a mile beyond two small 
brick buildings; between these a carriage drive branches off from 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 1 5 

the pike, leading to the old Calvert mansion, which for a hundred 

years has been the home of the descendants of Lord Baltimore, caivert 

Cecil Calvert was the founder of the colony. Before reaching 

the mansion, on a knoll to the left is the burying ground of the 

Calverts. 

The house was built in characteristic southern style, by Henry 
Stier, father of Mrs. George Calvert. It is surrounded by a 
lawn of fifty acres. At the front door is a portico, the roof of 
which is supported by pillars originally made for the dome of 
the Capitol, and which, proving too short were sold to Mr. Stier. 
The house is full of interesting reminiscences. The disintegra- 
ting touch of time has left its mark on this home of the semi- 
royal Calverts. 

CAPITOL HILL. 

After the destruction of both houses of Congress in 1814, by 
fire, Win. Law, David Carroll and others began the building of a 
new edifice for the temporary use of Congress. The spot se- 
lected was a garden plot July 4th; the bricks of which it was built toi Pri^»m 
were clay, and the timber for its construction was still growing in 
the woods that day. The building was completed and occupied 
December 4, 1815. It was situated on the corner of A and First 
street N". E., running south. In front of this building President 
Monroe was inaugurated March 14, 1817. 

When the Capitol was rebuilt this house was made a fashion- 
able boarding house. John C. Calhoun died here. The sculptor 
Luigi Persico occupied a room here while he made in plaster his 
"Columbus holding the world." Annie Eoyal, the publisher and 
blackmailer had a room in this house. Wirz and Belle Boyd 
were imprisoned here. It has been remodeled into fine dwell- 
ings, one of which is the home of Chief Justice Field. 

THE CAPITOL. 

The cornerstone of the Capitol was laid September 18, 1793, The ca P - 
under what is now used as the Law Library, which was originally 
the Supreme Court room. One hundred years later, September 
18, 1893, a bronze tablet commemorative of this event was placed 
as near the point as possible, and bears this inscription: 

"In the year 1893, in the presence of Congress, the Executive, 



itol 



1 6 Columbia guide; 

the Judiciary, and a vast concourse of a grateful people of the 
District of Columbia," etc. 

The graceful dome of the Capitol greets the eye from every 
point. Every American can well be proud of this grand struc- 
ture, emblematic of the Nation's life. 

Dr. William Thornton, for eight years commissioner of the 
District, and Stephen Hallet, a French architect, submitted 
plans for the building which were so nearly alike that the prize 
of $500 and a city lot was awarded to each. Mr. Hallet was ap- 
pointed architect. James Hoban, a resident of South Carolina 
and a native of Cleveland, was Superintendent of Public Buildings. 
The two not agreeing, Hallet was dismissed, in June, 1794. In 
1795 George Hadfield, an Englishman, was appointed architect, 
and so continued three years, finishing the old north wing, when 
Hoban had him also dismissed. The work was then put into the 
hands of Henry B. Latrobe. 

The Senate assembled in the north wing November 17, 1800. 
Mr. Latrobe completed the south wing in 1811, when the House 
occupied it. He then proceeded to connect the north and south 
wings by building the old rotunda, library and eastern portico. 

The war of 1812 stopped proceedings. In 1814 the British 
burned the Capitol. When peace was restored the Capitol was 
rebuilt. When finished what is now Statuary Hall was for thirty 
years the House of Eepresentatives. Statuary Hall is semi-cir- 
cular and is surrounded "by twenty-four columns of variegated 
native marble from the banks of the Potomac. Their capitals 
are of Italian marble and support a magnificent dome painted to 
represent the Parthenon at Eome. The dome was executed by 
an Italian artist, Banani. 

In the center of the dome was erected a cupalo for light, from 
which was suspended a massive gilt chandelier. The Speaker's 
chair was elevated and canopied, and was on a level with the 
oid Rep- Loggia or promenade, consisting of columns and pilasters of 
tives marble and stone. Above this and under a sweeping arch near 
the dome was placed a collossal figure of Liberty (in plaster). 
On the entablature beneath is sculptured an American eagle, 
ready to fly, copied from nature by an Italian, Valiporte. These 
are still in their places. 



Hall 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON . I 7 

Between the columns was suspended fringed drapery of crim- 
son moreen, festooned near the gallery to limit the sound and 
reverberation. Schaffer's full length portrait of La Fayette dec- 
orated a panel on one side of the Loggia. Opposite, the cor- 
responding panel was filled with a portrait of "Washington, by 
Vanderlyn. These paintings are now in the new Hall of Bepre- 
sentatives, hanging each side of the Speaker's chair 

Between the columns, at the base, sofas were placed for the 
accommodation of those who are privileged to enter. Within 
the bar, fronting the Speaker's chair, members of the House were 
seated. Each was furnished with a mahogany desk and arm 
chair. 

In front of the Speaker's chair, and immediately over the en- 
trance stands a beautiful statue in marble, perhaps as a work of Fran-' 
art the finest in the Capitol. It represents History, on the Car Historical] 
of Time, making a record as she goes. The dial of the clock is 
the wheel of the car. John Quincy Adams, when member of 
Congress, wrote a poem on this clock, beginning: 

"Come down, thou marble figure on this floor; 

And take the name of each candidate for fame." 

A bronze star in the marble floor marks the spot of his seat 
and where he was stricken with paralysis. 

The clock was the work of Carlos Franzoni, whose name is on 
it. Lavinia Franzoni, daughter of Guyseppi, who was not quite 
ten years old when her father died, sat as a model to her uncle 
for the face and arm of the figure. 

In the old Supreme Court room is a bas-relief, a part of which 
is from the same master hand. The Goddess of Justice, holding 
the scales. On the left, Fame, bearing in his hand a scroll, upon 
which is inscribed the Constitution. The superiority of some cornstalk 
parts of this work over the rest proves that, after the death of 
Franzoni an inferior artist was employed to finish the work. 

Another bit of work by Franzoni is the National Architecture 
found in the pillars at the foot of the stairway of the old Senate 
chamber, now used by the Supreme Court. These were executed 
by him at the suggestion of Thomas Jefferson that some design 
should be made distinctively American. The columns are of 



lber 



i-8 Columbia guide; 

cornstalks, the capitals of full corn in the ear. No Corinthian 
or Doric columns are more exquisitely beautiful. 

Not so much can be said of the columns on the floor above 
where the tobacco plant and cotton balls are used with less ar- 
tistic effect. 

The old Senate chamber in the north wing, which is now used 
for the Supreme Court, is semi-circular, 75 feet in length, and 
45 feet high. A screen of Ionic columns with capitals after 
ate cham- those of the Temple of Minerva Polias, supported a gallery to 
the east, and formed a loggia below. The walls were covered 
with a straw-colored drapery between small pilasters. In the 
Loggia are two Carrera marble mantels, which Carlos Franzoni 
ordered from Italy for his own house, but which Commodore 
Blasden persuaded him to sell to the Government for this place, 
where they remain. 

The old rotunda was 96 feet in diameter, and 96 feet high. 
Then, as now, this was the principal entrance from the east 
portico and west stairway, and lead into the Legislative halls. 

The room was divided into panels by lofty Grecian pilasters, 
which supported an entablature. Above this the old dome 
arose. Its panels were filled with paintings and bas relievos of 
historical subjects, which still remain. When the architects 
placed the four panels in oblong alto-relievo over the doors of 
the rotunda, they engraved better than they knew upon the 
walls of the Capitol the history of the Indian in America. On 
the east is the landing of the Pilgrims, and the natives are offer- 
ing them bread in the form of an ear of corn. On the west is a 
panel containing a group of five figures representing the inter- 
position of Pocohontas for the life of Capt. John Smith. Over 
the northern entrance William Penn is rejjresented under the 
spreading elms in the act of presenting his treaty. The elder 
chief is carrying his calumet, or pipe of peace, while over the 
south door Daniel. Boone has just discharged his rifle and the 
dead Indian lies at his feet. The history of the red man since 
the invasion of America by whites is here graphically displayed. 

The first four paintings in the rotunda were of Eevolutionary 
subjects and painted by Colonel Trumbull. Under each picture 



Hotmida 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 1 9 

is engraved a fac-simile, which is a key to the personages repre- 
sented. 

No. 1. Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. 

No. 2. Surrender of Burgoyne, October 17, 1777. 

No. 3. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, October, 1781. 

No. 4. General Washington's resignation, December 23, 1783. 

For these Trumbull received $8,000 per picture. While there 
are many adverse criticisms upon these pictures the fact re- 
mains that there is an authenticity and truth about them, giving 
them peculiar value. From 1789 to 1794 Colonel Trumbull 
traveled through the States painting portraits of men and faces, 
and in 1816 Congress passed the resolution authorizing him to 
execute these four panels. 

"The Landing of Columbus, 1492/' by John Vanderlyn, 1842. 

"The Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto," 1542. W. H. 
Powell, 1850. 

"The Baptism of Pocohontas, 1613." J. G. Chapman, 1836. 

"The Embarkation of the Pilgrims at Delft Haven, Holland, 
1620." Eobert M. Weir, 1840. 

Over the paintings in bas-relievo are eight panels, in four of 
which are Columbus, Cabot, Ealeigh and La Salle. Above the 
architrave is a circle of fresco decorations in Chiaroscuro. Bru- 
midi produced the drawings and part of the work. Beginning 
over the western door the fresco represents American History, 
where the genius of America watches the genius of History 
sketching the events of the past centuries. First, the landing of 
Columbus, 1492; Cortez and Montezuma in Mexico, 1521; Piz- 
zaro conquering Peru, 1533; burial of De Soto in the Mississippi, 
1541; saving of John Smith by Pocohontas, 1606; landing of 
Pilgrim Fathers, 1620; Penn's treaty with the Indians, 1686; 
the industrial colonization of New England; Gen. Oglethorpe, 
the founder of Georgia, and the Muskogee chief, 1732; the bat- 
tle of Lexington, 1775; Declaration of Independence, 1776; sur- 
render of Cornwallis, 1781; death of Tecumseh, the Shawnee 
chief, defeated at Tippecanoe and killed in Canada, 1813; Gen- 
eral Scott entering the City of Mexico, 1847; discovery of gold 
in California, 1849; completion of Pacific Eailway, 1869; first 
Centennial of Independence, Philadelphia, 1876. This work. 



20 COLUMBIA GUIDK 

to the colonization of New England, was completed by Brumidi. 
After his death Felippi Castagini finished all, except the two 
panels still remaining unfinished. 

In 1817 Mr. Latrobe, architect of the Capitol, resigned, and 
Charles Bullfinch, of Boston, an American, was appointed to fill 
his place. Under this architect, the foundation for the rotunda 
was laid, March 18, 1818. The work took twelve years to com- 
plete, and for twenty-one years thereafter the building remained 
unaltered. September 30, 1850, Congress provided for the en- 
largement of the Capitol. The cornerstone of the new addition 
was laid July 4, 1851, by President Fillmore. Daniel "Webster, 
Secretary of State, delivered the oration. The marble wings, 
which are occupied by the Senate, were then added. December 
21, 1851, the west front of the Capitol was burned. The next 
year the library rooms were built on a fire proof plan. December 
6, 1857, the House of Eepresentatives first met in the new 
chamber. 
. • The present dome of iron was commenced in 1856. The ex- 
Th i> Ir me tension of the wings with the old dome gave a faulty appearance 
to the structure which Mr. Thomas A. Walters, the architect, so 
magnificently overcame by one of the most beautiful and grace- 
ful domes to be found in the world. 

In 1861 Congress ordered work to be stopped on account of 
the Civil War, but President Lincoln prevailed with wiser coun- 
sel. The work went on, and the Statue of Liberty, by Crawford, 
soon took her position at the apex. Crowning the dome is a 
fresco of Brumidi's — the apotheosis of Washington, represent- 
ing his enrollment among the immortals. 

The eastern portico is the main entrance to the Capitol. The 

T era f por- Inaugural ceremonies take place, every four years, from a plat- 

tico form built out from the portico. There the President takes his 

oath of office, surrounded by the Supreme Court, members of 

Congress,, officials and the people. 

Opposite, on the plaza, is Greenough's collossal statue of Wash- 
ington. On the north side of the portico is Greenough's marble 
group, "The Settlement of America." On the south is Persico's 
Columbus, "The Discovery of America." 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 21 

On the tympanus of the pediment of the portico is Persico's 
alto-relievo, "The Genius of America/' said to have been de- 
signed by John Quincy Adams. 

On the north side of the main entrance stands a heroic statue, 
"War," in Eoman costume, with sword and shield. On the 
south side stands "Peace," in a flowing Greek robe, with a fruit- 
bearing olive branch, by Persico. Over the door a baso-relievo, 
by Capellano, representing "Washington crowned by Fame and 
Peace." 

There is nothing finer in the Capitol or city than the historical 
bronze doors. They were designed by Bandolph Eogers, an g^nze 
American, in 1858, arid were cast in Munich in 1861. They rep- Door s 
resent the story of Columbus discovering the New World. 

Passing through the rotunda to the left one reaches old Eep- 
resentative Hall, now Statuary Hall. In 1864 Congress issued 
an invitation to each State to furnish two statues of honored 
men in marble or bronze to be permanently placed here. With 
this request the States are yearly complying. Besides the statues 
and paintings there is a plaster cast of Houdin's Washington, 
and the Centennial safe, in which are deposited historical papers, 
records of the ISfation during its first century, and which are not 
to be opened until 1976. Behind the pillars are sofas and tables 
for the accommodation of ladies who come to the Capitol on busi- 
ness. 

Passing through Statuary Hall, you enter a corridor where are 
telegraph and cable offices, which takes you to the House of Eep- 
resentatives. There is a gallery for visitors, certain parts of 
which are reserved for families of Eepresentatives and Senators,. House oi 
members of the Cabinet, Diplomatic Corps and Beporters' gal- ^^tlttves 
lery. 

The Mace, symbol of authority, is each day at the side of the 
Speaker's desk. 

There are two large paintings by Bierstadt there: "The First 
Landing of Hendrick Hudson," and "The Discovery of Cali- 
fornia." Another panel contains a fresco by Brumidi, "General 
Washington refusing Cornwallis' request for an armsitice," just 
before the surrender. The western stairway is of Tennessee 
marble. Over the landing is a a painting by Lentze, "Westward 



22 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

Ho!" with Bierstadt's "Golden Gate" below it. In close prox- 
imity are the bronze bust of Bee-shu-kee, a Chippewa chief; "The 
Buffalo/' by Vincenti, and a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, 
by Brooks: 

At the foot of the eastern stairway is Power's statue of Jeffer- 
son, a full length portrait of Henry Clay, by Neagle, and of 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, the last survivor of the signers of 
the Declaration of Independence. On the landing is Carpenter's 
"Signing the Proclamation of Emancipation," September 22, 
1863, which cost $25,000, and was presented by Mrs. Mary E. 
Thompson, of New York. 

The entire basement is occupied by committee rooms and the 
restaurant. Other committee rooms are scattered throughout 
the building. Many of them are handsomely frescoed, notably 
that near the stairway — Agriculture, "Cincinnatus called from 
the plow to be Dictator of Borne," and "Putnam called from the 
plow to join the Continental Army," are well portrayed. 

The corridor to the north leads to the crypt. The stone star 
marks the exact center of the building, which was formerly taken 
as the meridian of Washington. There are forty -massive doric 
c Th ® columns which support the building and are the superstructure 
of the dome. Beneath is the undercroft or vault, in which it 
was intended the final resting place of the body of George "Wash- 
ington would be. 

A "keeper of the crypt" was appointed when it was finished, 
whose business it was to sit by the hole where the star now is and 
thTcrypt se ® that no harm befell the body of Washington. He diligently 
sat there watching this hole and drawing his salary until Lin- 
coln's day, when the office was abolished. 

The Senate occupies the north wing of the Capitol. The fres- 
coes here are worthy of careful study. For twenty years Brumidi 
chamber worked at them, mostly in the basement. Audubon's birds will 
be found portrayed in minutest detail. The corridors leading to 
committee rooms and the rooms themselves have characteristic 
decorations. 

The ceiling of the Senate chamber is finished with glass panels 
which have symbolic decorations of the Union, Navy, Army, 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 23 

Progress, Mechanics, Arts, etc. The desks and chairs of pol- 
ished mahogany are the same used in the old Senate Hall, addi- 
tions having been made as necessity required. Greatly is it to he 
regretted that the auctioneer's hammer tells no tales, and that 
the beautiful desks of the old House of Representatives have no 
written history. 

The eastern staircase leading to the Senate is made of Tennes- 
see marble. At the foot is Power's statue of Benjamin Franklin. 
Over the landing is Powell's painting of Perry's victory on Lake 
Erie in 1813. 

At the west is the grand staircase, in white marble. Stone's 
statue of Hancock is at the foot. On the landing is Walker's 
painting, "The Storming of Chapultepec, Mexico," 1847. 
Charles Wilson Peale's portrait of Washington, 1779, is at the 
head of the stairs. On the wall opposite the stair is "The Eecall 
of Columbus/' by Seaton. The moment chosen is when Queen 
Isabella repents, sends a messenger who overtakes Columbus on 
the bridge: "Isabella has decided to sacrifice her jewels." 

The marble busts filling the niches around the Senate chamber 
are of the Yice Presidents. Here also are portraits of Jefferson 
and Patrick Henry. Surrounding the chamber are committee 
rooms and lobbies. On the north front are the rooms set aside for 
the President, Yice President and Senators. The most beauti- 
ful room in the Capitol is that of the President. 

Portraits of many public men adorn the walls, as also the walls 
of the lobbies. Especial attention is called to the wall decora- 
tion in the Vice President's room. Here is Rembrandt Peale's 
painting of Washington, also a marble bust of Vice President 
Wilson, who died in this room. 

The Seriate reception room, of marble, is one of superb mag- 
nificence. Toward the east is the ladies' reception room; out of _ 

x ' senate 

this is the room of the Serjeant-at-Arms, and the Diplomatic Reception! 

° ; ± Boom 

Corps committee room. All bear the graceful touch of Bru- 
midi's hand. In the corridor out of this -room is the equestrian 
portrait of General Scott. 

The corridor toward the east leads to the famous bronze door 
of Crawford. It illustrates Revolutionary and Federal history. 
Above sits a marble group by Crawford, "History and Justice." 



24 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

There is also a group by the same artist on the tympanum or 
gable end of the portico which by some is thought to be the 
crowning work of this great artist, "The Past and Present of 
America." 

Thomas Moran's superb painting, the "Canyon of the Yellow- 
stone" and "Chasm of the Colorado/' and portraits of Clay, Web- 
ster and Calhoun, and the statue of M. Penseroso are in the gal- 
lery above. 

In the ante-room to the ladies' gallery are portraits of Senator 
Sumner and General Dix, "The First Fight of the Ironclads" and 
"The Electoral Commission," by Mrs. Fassett, in which many 
familar faces can be traced. A portrait of President Garfield is 
on one side, and a mosaic portrait of Lincoln, presented by Sal- 
viati, on the other. 

In the Eobing room of the Chief Justice can be seen a portrait 
of Chief Justice Marshall, by Eembrandt Peale, and portraits of 
Chief Justice Gay, Chase and Taney. 

CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY. 

The first appropriation of $5,000 for library rooms and books 
for Congressmen was made in 1800. They were destroyed in 
1814, when the British burned the Capitol. Then Thomas 
Jefferson's private librae, numbering six thousand seven hun- 
dred volumes, was purchased at a cost of $23,950. Another fire 
in 1825 destroyed many volumes, but not the most valuable. 
December 25, 1851, a third fire destroyed over 35,000 volumes, 
about three-fifths of the whole collection. Then Congress made 
an appropriation for fire proof quarters for its books. After the 
new Library rooms were completed $75,000 was appropriated 
for new books and $5,000 annually provided. The Law Library 
was removed to the basement, and placed in the old Supreme 
Court room and $10,000 annually appropriated for it, making 
one of the most complete law libraries in the world. John 
Beckley, of Virginia, was the first Librarian, appointed by 
Thomas Jefferson at a salary not exceeding two dollars per day 
for every day of necessary work. From 1829 to 1861 John S. 



Tlie 
Library 



26 COLUMBIA GUIDB 

Meehan, of New York, was Librarian; from 1861 to 1864 John 
Qt. Stephenson, of Indiana, held the office, and in 1864 President 
Lincoln appointed Ainsworth R. Spofford, of Ohio, who con- 
tinues in the position. 

The Library is comprehensive in its range. Every department 
in literature or science is here represented. The public may use 
the books in the Library rooms. Members of Congress and some 
officials can take them away. By paying a deposit of money 
equal to the price of the book any person may take home a de- 
sired volume. The reading rooms are open daily (except Sun- 
day) from 9 A. M. to the hour of adjournment. During the re- 
cess of Congress, from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

The Scientific Library, of over 300,000 titles, gathered by 
the Smithsonian Institution, has been turned over to the Na- 
tional Library. 

The Peter Force collection of Documentary History of the 
American Colonies and the Revolution, consisting of manu- 
scripts, pamphlets, pictures, etc., was purchased by the Govern- 
ment for $100,000. 

Dr. J. M. Toner, recently deceased, spent his life in historical 
research, and collected an invaluable library of 27,000 volumes 
of rare books, and an equal number of pamphlets and engrav- 
ings, which he generously gave to the National Library. These, 
with the addition of the accumulations of the copyright law, 
which requires two volumes of every copyright to be left with 
the Library, and preserves the whole product of the American 
press, formed a vast and rapidly increasing collection, which 
demanded ample and more easily accessible space. The crowded 
state of the Library, the overflow into dark crypts, literature 
piled up like cord wood on the floors, prohibited any attempt at 
cataloguing, and for ten years none has been attempted. Yet, 
out of the conglomerated mass every student who has frequented 
the Library must assert that no inconvenience has accrued to 
him, whatever the fate of those having these precious volumes in 
charge. Mr. Spofford, with his efficient assistants, Mr. John 
Morrison and Mr. David Hutcheson, have proved equal to a com- 
plete catalogue. With only a few moments' notice of books 
wanted, they have been able to place them on the tables, by what 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. . 27 

magic let imagination reveal. From dire necessity lias arisen a 
new Library building, the finest the world has seen. It might 
well be called a monument to Mr. Spofford's life work. 

A site of ten acres was purchased east of the Capitol at a cost The ivew 
of $585,000 for the new Library building. The work was begun Building 
in 1888, after architectural plans prepared by Smithmyer & 
Pelz, with some modifications. Under the efficient charge of 
Gen. Thomas Lincoln Casey, Chief of Engineers of the Army, 
with Bernard E. Green, C. E., as superintendent and engineer, 
the edifice is now complete. 

The building is constructed of white granite from the quar- 
ries of Concord, \N\ II. The inner courts are of Maryland granite 
of a slightly darker hue from quarries in Baltimore county, Md. 
Its dimensions are 470 by 340 feet, with four large inner courts, 
150 feet in length by 75 to 100 in width. The outer walls have 
frontage on four streets. This, with the spacious court and two 
thousand windows, renders it the best lighted library in the 
world. 

There are three floors, a basement on a level with the ground, 
a first story or library floor, 19 feet high, and a second story 29 
feet high. The walls are 69 feet high to the roof, and the dome 
is 190 feet from the ground. 

The architecture is Italian renaissance. Upon the keystones 
of thirty-three of the window arches on the four sides are carved 
human heads, types of as many races of men. Models were made 
from drawings in the National Museum, and serve as object les- 
sons in ethnology, as well as in the art of portraiture. The cen- 
tral pavilion on the west is enriched by four collossal figures, 
each representing Atlas and surmounted by a pediment with 
two sculptural American eagles at the center of an emblematic 
group in granite. 

The massive front staircase with its fine balustrade forms the 
approach to the building, and has underneath an arched porte- 
cochere. The edifice is topped by a carved balustrade running 
around the building. Jutting out from the second-story win- 
dows are nine collossal granite busts of Demosthenes, Dante and 
Scott, by Adams; Irving, Hawthorne and Emerson, by Hartley; 
Franklin, Macaulay and Goethe, by Euchstuhl. 



28 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



Over the arches of the three entrance doors are carved three 
spandrels in relief, each .representing two female figures, em- 
blematic of Art, Science and Literature. 

The dome is gilded with gold leaf. The cresting of the dome 
above the lantern terminates in a gilded finale, representing the 
torch of Science ever burning. 

From the Art Gallery and the lantern of the dome an ex- 
tended view of "Washington, the Potomac, Maryland and Vir- 
ginia Heights is obtained. 

The heating apparatus is eighty feet removed from the build- 
ing, and underground, avoiding noise, dust, heat and odors. 

The central bronze entrance door was designed by McMonnies, 




SECTION OF MAIN STAIRCASE. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 29 

the sculptor, whose superb fountain in the Court of Honor at the Bronze 
Columbian Exposition all will remember. Through this and 
lateral doors, by Warner, we reach the corridor, finished in white 
Italian marble and magnificently decorated in gold leaf finish. 

The great feature on this floor, before reaching the reading 
room in the center, is the grand entrance hall (Foyer), lined 
throughout with fine Italian marble. On the sides rise lofty 
rounded columns with elaborately carved capitals of Corinthian 
design, while the heavy but graceful arches are adorned with 
marble palm leafs, foliated designs of exquisite finish and deli- Foyer 
cacy. The great height of this Foyer, rising 72 feet to the 
skylight, with its vaulted ceiling and the grand double staircase 
with its white marble balustrades leading up on either side, pre- 
sents a superb architectural effect. The Newell posts are en- 
riched by festoons of leaves and flowers surmounted by the 
bronze lamp bearers for electric lights. The upper staircases are 
ornamented with twenty-six minature marble figures by Mar- 
tiny, carved in relief, representing in emblematic sculpture the 
various arts and sciences. This beautiful and spacious Foyer has 
been described as a "vision in polished stone." 




THE PUBLIC READING ROOM. 



3° 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



The Eotunda is reached through the Ionic doorway between 
the grand staircases of the western entrance. It may also be 
The reached through the eastern front. Here the climax of archi- 
tectural and decorative art is reached. The Eotunda will be the 
public reading room. It is an octagonal hall, 100 feet in diam- 
Room e ter, 125 feet high, lighted by eight semi-circular windows, 32 
feet wide. The interior walls of the reading room are enriched 
with light colored variegated marbles, harmonious in tone and 




GALLERY OF ROTUNDA. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 3 1 

tint. Eight massive pillars of Tennessee marble rise forty feet 
to the concave ceiling. These are surmounted by two shades of 
Kumidian marble and crowned by statues of heroic size: "Art/' 
by Augustus St. Gaudens; "History/' by Daniel C. French; 
"Philosophy/' by B. L. Piatt; "Poetry/' by J. Q. A. Ward; 
"Science/' by John Donaghue; "Law/' by Paul Bartlett; "Com- 
merce," by John Flanagan; "Eeligiori/' by Theodore Bauer. 
The representative men for each subject are cast in bronze of 
heroic size, and arranged in groups around the galleries. Plato 
and Lord Bacon, by Boyle, represent Philosophy; Heroditus and 
Gibbon, by rTiehaus, History; Homer, by Louis St. Gaudens, and 
Shakespeare, by McMonies, Poetry; Michael Angelo, by Bartlett, 
and Beethoven, by Bauer, Art; Newton and Henry, by Bartlett, 
Science; Solon and Kent, by Bissell, Law; Columbus and Fulton, 
by Potter, Commerce; Moses, by Mchaus, and St. Paul, by Dona- 
hue, Eeligion. The chief plastic figures in the entablatures of 
the Eotunda were moulded by Martiny. These stucco sculp- 
tures were made by Preinert as chief modeler. The clock, Father 
Time, and other winged images are Flanagan's. 

Numerous arches and balustrades rise to the height of the 
upper gallery. Twenty-four noble arches on the Library floor 
intercalated with pilasters and architraves, carved in classical 
sculpture, and above these on the gallery floors rise fifty-three 
more arches in continuous succession, surmounted by a running 
balustrade reaching around the reading hall. These loggias and 
open galleries are reached from the grand staircase, and from 
here visitors can overlook the whole room and its busy workers 
below without disturbance. 

The hollow concave of the dome is enriched by a series of fig- 
ures in fresco, by E. H. Blashfield, symbolizing the relations of 
the nations to human progress. Mr. E. Cortissoz gives this word 
painting: 

"Egypt is the representative of written records; Judea typifies 
religion; Greece is the standard-bearer of philosophy; Eome bears 
the same relation toward administration; Islam stands for 
physics; the Middle Ages are figured as the fountain head of 
modern languages; Italy is represented as the source of fine arts; 



32 COLUMBIA GUIDB 

Germany as sponsor for printing; Spain as the first great power 
in discovery; England as the mighty bulwark of literature, and 
America as the nation of scientific genius. Each figure holds 
the insignia of its place." 

Two hundred and fifty readers, each with desks and light 
screens or curtains to separate one from the other, can be accom- 
modated on the floor. The circular desk of the superintendent 
and his assistants will be centralized within the railing, com- 
manding a view of every part of the reading room. The sight- 
seeing public will not be admitted on the floor, but to the gal- 
leries above. 

The stack rooms are the book magazines or repositories, open- 
ing on either side of the Eotunda. These are filled with iron 
cases consisting of nine tiers or floors, rising sixty-five feet to the 
The roof. Each tier of shelves is seven feet high and is easily 
Rooms reached without steps. The space between the rows of shelves is 
three and one half feet. The floor of the stack rooms are of 
white marble. The shelves are white marble on bars of rolled 
steel, and spaced to give good ventilation for the books and pre- 
vent accumulation of dust. The shelves are adjustable to any 
height. The stacks are lighted by large solid plate glass. The 
courts into which they look are lined from the ground up with 
ivory-colored enameled brick. Two hundred windows in each 
side give ample light. Each stack has a shelving capacity of 
eight hundred thousand volumes. The present capacity of all 
the stacks is about 2,000,000 volumes. Additional space can be 
made.for 2,500,000 more, making room for 4,500,000 volumes. 

The remaining space of the first story is devoted to the Libra- 
rian's room, lecture hall, private reading room for Congress, and 
special students, special libraries-— as the Smithsonian, Dr. 
Toner's and copyright record rooms. 

The decorative features of this floor are a delight to the eye. 
The leading sculptors and artists of America have vied with 
each other to make this one of the most attractive buildings on 
earth. 



Evolu- 
tion, of 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 33 



Mural Decorations. 

The general plan of color treatment was left to Elmer E. 
Garnsey, who associated with him E. J. Holstag as foreman, 
while final designs and general treatment was left to Edward P. 
Casey, son of the late General Casey. After passing through the 
Foyer and entering the eastern section of the stair hall you come 
upon the paintings of John W. Alexander, representing the 
"Evolution of the Book," beginning with men building mounds 
of rock to arrest attention, to leave traces of a party, landmarks — ^JueMua* 
like the cairns of Scotland: "Now here let us place the gray stone der 
of her cairn" (Campbell). The second stage is oral communica- 
tion. The third is picture and hieroglyphic language in stone. 
The fourth is hieroglyphic representation on skins. Fifth is 
the monk with his illuminated parchment. Sixth is the print- 
ing press and the book. 

In the entrance to the Eotunda are five paintings, in semi-cir- 
cular panels or lunettes, by Elihu Vedder, representing good and 
bad government. 

In the section south of the Foyer, Henry Oliver Walker has 
painted the eight tymanums representing lyric poetry. In the 
south corridor Walter McEwen has brought out the Greek heroes 
of history and mythology, and the pendentives and dome cameos. 

In the room to the west the seven ceiling panels of Gutherz 
represent the spectrums of light. Nothing in the building ex- Represen- 
ceecls this room in magnificence. Beginning with the center Reading 
panel out of the cloud-like dias comes a faint suggestion in pris- 
matic colors that the injunction "Let there be light" will be ful- 
filled, and "there was light." In the next panel to the north 
comes "The Light of Eesearch;" following that "The Light of 
Truth" and "The Light of Astronomy." To the south "The 
"Light of Progress," "The Light of Poetry" and "The Light of 
State." 

The ceiling panels of the southwest Pavilion were painted by 
W. A. Mackey. The oak door-heacls and the marble mantels are senate 
by Adams, and the mosaic panels for the mantels are by Dielman. Room 

In the corresponding north section, the seven paintings repre- 
senting "The Family" are by Charles Sprague Pearce. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 



35 



The pictures of the nine muses, the pendentives and cameo 
pieces in the dome of the west corridor, first story north of the 
stair hall, are by Edward Simmons. 




Pompel- 
an Room 
Van In- 
gen and 



NORTH VAULT, FIRST FLOOR. 

The Pompeian room is in the northwest pavilion. Its color 
scheme closely follows that of the ancient Eomans. Pompeian 
red is used for the ground; upon this the artist has displayed a 
brilliant array of arabesque panels in light color. The little 
dancing figures in several instances are copies of those on the 
walls of the Eoyal Museum at Naples, whither they are brought Soisias 
from Pompeii. In the six arched windows are the signs of the 
zodiac, designed by Thompson. 

In the second story of the stairhall, at the springing of the 
west vault, are eight figures, representing Sciences, by Shirlaw. 
The eight figures, representing Literature, in the east vault, are 
by Barse. The five center pieces, representing the Senses, in the 
crown of the northern vault, and the four circular wall panels be- 
low are by Eeid. Three center pieces, in the crown of the south 



36 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



vault, representing the Graces, and the four circular panels on 
the wall below, representing the Seasons, were painted by Benson. 




SOUTH VAULT, SECOND STORY. 

The mosaic panel of Minerva, for the mezzanine of the stair- 
hall, is by Vedder. The two lunettes at the second story land- 
ings of the stairhall elevators are by Van Ingen. The twenty- 
eight figures in the cove of the stairhall, and the thirty-two fig- 
ures in the pendentives of the south vault are by F. C. Martin. 
The eight floating figures in the stairhall wall panels, repre- 
senting "Virtues," are Maynard's. 

In the northwest pavilion, second story, the five paintings, 
representing Music, Art, Literature, Science and Ambition, were 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 



37 



by William L. Dodge. The work as a whole makes one of the 
most pleasing rooms in the building. In the curtain leading out 
of this room, adjoining hall, west front, Melcher has two paint- 
ings, "Arts of War" and "Arts of Peace." 

Schladermundt worked up and colored the full-size cartoons 
of the mosaic vaults and ornamental glass work designed by Mr. 
Casey. 






ART. GALLERY. 



38 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



The unique decorations of the Librarian's Office, five figure 
panels, are by E. J. Holslag. 

All the most important interior architecture and enrichment 
are from the designs of Edward Pearce Casey. Paul J. Pelz de- 
signed all the principal lines of the interior of the dome, includ- 
ing the marble work of the Eotunda, exclusive of the entabla- 
tures. 

In the curtain, south of the stair hall, second-story, are two 
lunettes, representing Science and Art, by Kenyon Cox. Science 
is represented by mathematics and astronomy, botany and 
zoology. Art, on the opposite side, by music, painting and 
sculpture. 

The southwest pavilion, second-story, was decorated by May- 
nard. The subjects are, Adventure, Discovery, Conquest and 
Civilization, with' a group in the center of the ceiling represent- 
ing Valor, Courage, Fortitude and Achievement. 

The four medallions in the corners of the pavilions, represent- 
ing the seasons, are by Pratt. The room leading from this pa- 




PAVILION OF THE SEALS. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 39 

vilion to the southeast pavilion is an art gallery for the display of 
graphic art. The opposite room will be for maps, of which the 
Library possesses a rare collection. The paintings in the south- 
east pavilion are by E. L. Dodge, and represent the elements — 
Earth, Air, Fire, Water. 

In the northeast corner is the "Pavilion of the Seals," where 
the American flag and official seals of the United States and 
characteristic emblems are shown, by Garnsey. In four lunettes, 
painted by Yan Ingen, are female figures suggesting the eight 
Executive Departments — State, War, Navy, Treasury, Justice, 
Interior, Postoffice and Agriculture. Each figure holds a shield Pavilion 

m OI 3€£UU9 

inscribed with the seal of the department and the insignia and 
allegorical attributes pertaining thereto. The utterances of 
great statesmen and patriots find expression in the center of each 
lunette. In the center of the ceiling is the great seal of the 
United States, seventeen feet in diameter, surrounded by forty- 
eight stars, emblematic of the States and Territories, and the 
four winds typified by masks; dolphins symbolizing our fisheries; 
lyres, the fine arts; torches, typical of knowledge; surrounded by 
a scroll inscription containing the last clause of Abraham Lin- 
coln's peroration at G-ettysburg battlefield. 

The prevailing color of the Hall of the Seals is deep copper 
gold, combined with ivory. 

On the ground floor are the rooms for a book bindery, for 
packing and storing books. Four wide corridors are on each of 
the four sides. These are faced with colored marbles. The west 
hall is of white Italian marble, and western corridor of Vermont 
marble, mottled blue; the north wing of Tennessee marble, dark 
chocolate color; east front corridor, with Georgia marble, richly 
veined in black and white; the south corridor is red and white 
Champlain marble from Swanton, Vt. 

Every arrangement is made for the quick transmission of 
books from point to point, and to the Capitol; an underground 
tunnel for this purpose has been constructed from the Library to 
the Capitol. xustan- 

There is a public restaurant in the attic of the Library. Library 



40 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 

The Smithsonian Institution is in the Mall, between Seventh 
and Eleventh streets. James Smithson, an Englishman, son of 
the fifth Duke of Northumberland, was a man of scientific re- 
search and culture. He once wrote, and truly, "The best blood 
smithso- of England flows in my veins. On mv father's side I am a North- 
stitutiou umbeiiand; on my mother s I am related to kings; but this avails 
me not. My name, however, shall live in the memory of man, 
when the titles of the Northumberlands and the Percys are ex- 
tinct and forgotten." In 1826 he drew up his will, which con- 
tained this significant provision: "I bequeath the whole of my 
property to the United States of America, to found at Washing- 
ton, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an estab- 
lishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among 
men.''* 

By act of Congress the Institution was constituted to admin- 
ister the bequest. The Hon. Eichard Bush was sent to England 
to adjust and collect the claim. The total sum derived from the 
founder's beneficence, by careful management, was increased, in 
1867, to $650,000. Other bequests have been made from time to 
time, until the permanent fund has now reached nearly $1,- 
000,000. 

The first meeting of Eegents was held September 7, 1846, 
when Prof. Joseph Henry was elected secretary. His statue, 
erected by order of Congress, is in the Smithsonian Park. 

The Institution has under its charge, but not at the expense 
of it's own funds, certain bureaus, which are sustained by annual 
appropriations. These are the "National Museum, the Bureau of 
International Exchanges, the Bureau of Ethnology, the National 
Zoological Park, and the Astro-Physical Observatory. 

The Institution is in charge of a board of regents, of which the 
Chief Justice of the United States is chancellor, and the Presi- 
dent of the United States is an ex-ofncio member. On May 1, 
1847, the cornerstone of the building was laid. It is of twelfth 
century Norman architecture. It has nine towers of varying 
heights, making it one of the most picturesque of all the public 
builclinofs. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 4 1 

Professor Henry, elected 1846, was succeeded by Prof. Spen- 
cer Pullerton Band, in 1879, who in turn was succeeded by 

Samuel Pierpont Langley in . Each of these gifted men, 

in addition to general administrative work, has made some 
special feature distinctively his own. Professor Henry origin- 
ated and developed the system of international exchanges. Secretary 
There is not a civilized country today where the Smithsonian 
is not represented. The system of meteorological observations 
and weather predictions, known as the Weather Bureau, was of 
his development. 

Secretary Baird, who was the leading authority on mammals, 
birds, fishes and reptiles of America, and the founder of the Fish 
Commission, continued this work in which he had long been in- 
terested and secured the building of the New Museum, also the 
construction of the exploring ship Albatross. 

To Secretary Langley is due the National Zoological Park and 
the Astrophysical Observatory, which was established 1891. 
Astro-physics is among the newest of modern sciences and is that 
branch of astronomy which aims to discover the law and trace 
the effects of the sun, moon and planets upon the earth and the 
wants of man on it, how heat is distributed, how seasons, crops 
and living beings are affected thereby. This science and the 
Spectroscope made their appearance simultaneously and the lat- 
ter is largely used in the work. Prof. Langley, by a new method, 
has obtained results more important than any hitherto reached. 
His investigations lie beyond the ''great unknown region," that 
invisible portion of the solar spectrum which lies beyond visible 
color. 

The National Museum dates its real starting point from the 
Centennial in Philadelphia, 1876. The valuable material given 
to the United States by foreign governments and exhibitors had 
accumulated, and was for years exhibited in the Patent Office. 
The Smithsonian men in their explorations, especially in the 
great Northwest, the Kocky Mountain regions, and the Pacific Tiiesra- 

' J ° ' tional 

slope, brought back with them Indian relics, skins, implements Museum 
of savagery, games, minerals, fossils, pottery, etc. The Centen- 
nial made the opportunity for Prof. Baird's admirable Govern- 
ment exhibit, and Avith the addition of nearly all the foreign ex- 



42 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

hibits, a building became a necessity, and the result was a 
museum that enfolded all departments of human progress. It 
had reached that stage of completion that in 1881 the inaugural 
ball of President Garfield was held in the building. 

The main entrance is in the north front. In this hall are the 
war relics and those of Washington, Lincoln and Grant. Many 
of the Washington relics were brought from the Patent Office 
and were a gift to the Government, but the complete collection 
was purchased by Congress from his heirs for $50,000. Articles 
belonging to Jefferson, Jackson and Franklin, especially the 
printing press of the latter, and medals, presents, etc., from 
statesmen and commanders are here in numbers. Here can be 
studied the development of Ceramic art in Japan. The collec- 
tion is historically quite complete. 

One of the most unique exhibits in this museum is that of 
musical instruments. The late Dr. J. Browne Goode, curator of 
the museum, took infinite pains to make this collection complete, 
and to him are we indebted for one of the best collections in this 
line. 

The evolution of musical instruments has been carried out 
after the plan of Bowbotham. First are shown instruments of 
percussion; second, wind; third, stringed instruments. These 
have been gathered from the four quarters of the earth. Here 
is the rattle of gourd, the Fegee Islander's drum, the "tom-tom" 
of Africa, gongs from India, Dervish drums from Cario, Cir- 
cassian tambourines, Spanish castinets, the "Pipes of Pan," the 
primitive flagolet, the shepherd's flute, the Dakotas' "love flute," 
the phans of Siam, whose reeds and pipes suggest the organ; here 
are bagpipes of Scotland and the hurdy-gurdy of Italy. All 
known wind instruments are here. The collection of stringed 
instruments is unique; from the little one-stringed "scholar's 
lute," thrummed as an accompaniment to recitation, to the 
poet's lute with double strings, and to the lyre and harp; 
and from these to the dulcimer and piano here are short and 
traceable steps. Here are the "vina" of Hindoostan, the "kin" 
of China, the harp of Egypt, the miramba of Guatemala, the 
guitar and violin and a Cremona lute, made by Guinarius. We 
see how the evolution from the primitive rattle has furnished 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 43 

the world with drums, the flagolet with flutes, trombones, clar- 
ionets, basses, piccolos and pipe organs; the lute with violin, harp 
and piano. 

The Department of Ethnology, from its commencement, 1879, 
has been under the directorship of Maj. J. W. Powell. With the 
assistance of able associates, he has succeeded in placing upon 
record a vast number of facts in regard to the Indian races. An 
effective classification of the tribes on the reservations has been 
made, and a complete linguistic classification of the native lan- 
guages has been prepared. The representative Indian tribes of 
North America are shown by life-size models, costumes are in- 
troduced and articles of industry, including pottery and basketry. 
Good representations of the aboriginal condition of the tribes 
are here. The collection of greatest interest is perhaps that pre- 
pared by Prof. Otis T. Mason, showing the arts practiced by the Depart- 
primitive women of the world. It is easy to study the paths Etimoi- 
along which they advanced in the industrial world. Professor 
Mason shows by these still-life illustrations that women were the 
first architects; that they devised the furnishings of these humble 
homes; that they were the first spinners, the first weavers, the 
first millers, the first bakers, the first geometricians and the firs!; 
potters. They are here shown practicing the daily duties which 
developed into these arts. There is not a piece of ancient pot- 
tery in the National Museum from the pre-historic tombs, from 
the ancient Pueblos, or from the burial pottery of Mcaraugua 
that is not the work of women. Many of these specimens will 
bear the closest scrutiny, in construction, form and decoration. 
Find the "Tapa cloth/' and you will see that women had accom- 
plished in the early ages the art of lithography and printing upon 
this cloth made of bark beaten thin. 

In the "Department of Oriental Antiquities and Eeligious 
Ceremonies" will be found a collection of objects illustrative of SSuSSSi 
the Bible. This archaeological collection begins with the ties 
ancient Hittites, from the time of Abraham down. 

The ancient religion of the Jews is represented by a case con- 
taining a selection of objects of Jewish ceremonials. There is a 
collection of gems from Palestine, with a model of the High 



Mammals 



44 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

Priest's breastplate. There is also a collection representing the 
history of the translations of the Bible. 

There is also an exceedingly valuable book arranged by 
Thomas Jefferson, with concordance and notes in Jefferson's 
own handwriting, said to have been compiled by him for transla- 
tion into the Indian languages. It is the New Testament ar- 
ranged in historical order by clippings from the Latin, Greeks 
French and English Testaments. 

The four Flemish tapestries in the Eotunda were a present to 
Tapestries General Sheridan. They are a part of a collection of eight tell- 
ing the story of .Alexander the Great. 

The Department of Mammals is finely represented. The 
groups are superbly mounted and show how the animals appeared 
in their native haunts. In the next hall are skeletons of extinct 
animals as well as existing types. There are also geological 
specimens, ores, marbles, minerals and fossils. In other halls 
will be found the various fishing implements, boats and vessels 
used in the industry. 

The exhibits visible and those in store for want of space would 
show every phase of the industrial arts of the world; the life and 
habits of the world's people in all conditions of evolution, in 
every stage of civilization, from all continents and islands of the 
sea. A part of the collection is in the Smithsonian proper. On 
the ground floor are the Ornithological collections. Colored 
prints from Audobon's original copper plates are here. There is 
also a fine display of sea shells. 

In the adjoining hall, west end, is the Department of Inter- 
State Marine life. 

The second floor is devoted to Pre-historic Anthropology. 
Here are relics from the mounds and buried cities of American 
ti^icai Indians, Aztecs, Mayas, Incas, etc., from earthworks, cemeteries, 
( Am 3 e a r ^- village sites and workshops. Hatchets, axes, gouges, adzes, hun- 
dreds of primitive instruments by means of which conclusions 
are reached as to the ancient methods of building, tree felling, 
boat making, etc. 

In the European Pre-historic Exhibit there are specimens that 
give a knowledge of pre-historic races and times, known as the 
ages of stone, bronze and iron. This exhibit is of surpassing in- 



Timent 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 45 

terest to students in anthropology. There are models and 
paintings of the Arizona cliff dwellings, and in the lower hall and European 
along the stairway are casts of pre-historic Mexican picture torlc s " 
writings and casts of the sacrificial stone and the celebrated cal- 
endar-stone of Mexico. 

The Botanical Gardens are reached through the Mall, which 
was set apart by the founders of the city for a continuous park 
from the White House to the Capitol. The first object of in- 
terest after leaving the White House is the Washington Monu- 
ment. It is the highest construction of masonry in the world. 
By act of Congress, August 7, 1783, an equestrian statue was 
authorized to be placed wherever Congress should be finally tonVon- 
establish in honor of George Washington, the illustrous Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States. In 1795 it 
was proposed to erect a memorial called "The Monument to the 
American Eevolution." The site of the latter was chosen by 
Washington himself. December 24, 1799, immediately follow- 
ing Washington's death a resolution was passed for the erection 
of a marble monument. In 1833, the citizens of Washington 
formed a "Washington Monument Society," with Chief Justice 
John Marshall, president. In 1848 the cornerstone was laid; the 
structure was under the care of Architect Eobert Mills. The ad- 
dress was delivered by Eobert Winthrop, of Massachusetts. 
Work was stopped in 1855 for want of funds, at 156 feet 4 inches 
above surface level. In 1876 the Government took charge of the 
completion. Lieut. Col. Thomas L. Casey, IT. S. Engineer, and 
Capt. George W. Davis, assistants Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, 
were assigned to duty on the monument. The most superb work 
was put upon the foundation. Three and a half years were spent 
in reinforcing the old foundation. In August, 1884, the monu- 
ment was 500 feet high. From this point the pyramidal roof 
began. The keystone, weighing 5,000 pounds was laid Novem- 
ber 18, 1884. The cap-stone was set December 6, 1884, and 
saluted by firing of cannon. The crowning apex is a conical 
block of American aluminum, 9-| inches high, 5^ inches square at 
the base, weighing 100 ounces. 

The monument was dedicated February 21, 1885, as the 
twenty-second, Washington's birthday, fell on Sunday. Eobert 



46 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

Winthrop was present again, thirty-seven years after the laying 
of the cornerstone. A military and civic parade followed. 

An elevator carries visitors to the top and nine hundred steps 
will carry them up on foot. On the inner walls are the stone 
tablets contributed by the States and Territories, foreign powers, 
schools and religious societies. 
Bureau of The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is on Fourteenth and 
tiig and B streets, S. W., and is open Saturdays only to visitors, except by 
special permit. In this building the designing, engraving and 
printing of bonds, checks, notes, revenue and postage stamps is 
done. Proper persons are detailed to conduct visitors and ex- 
plain the processes of the manufacture of money and bonds. 

The printing division, where paper money is made, is on the 
third floor. About five hundred people are here employed, as 
the delicate work is all done by hand labor. The building is of 
brick, Eomanesque style, and was erected 1878-80. 

The Department of Agriculture is situated in the Mall at the 
terminus of Thirteenth with A streets, S. W. The building is 
surrounded by the Propagating gardens, where flowers, foliage, 
trees, shrubs, etc., are grown for use in public parks and reserva- 
Depart- tions. The forcing houses, nursery, palm house, etc., are inter- 
Agricm- esting points to visit. The building is 170 by 61 feet, three 
stories, with a mansard roof and basement. It was finished in 
1868. The offices of Secretary of Agriculture, Chief Clerk, 
Ornithologist, Pomologist and Chemist are on the first floor. 

There is also on this floor a mineralogical collection. The 
offices of the Botanist and Entomologist and a finely equipped 
library are on the second floor. There is also a Museum of 
Botany of nearly two hundred thousand specimens of pressed 
North American plants. The scope of the work is very ex- 
tended, including fruit, flowers, forestry, crops, live stock, etc. 
The museum, with its annex, includes the wonderful exhibit 
made by this department at the World's Columbian Exposition. 
Probably no department is doing a work of greater economic 
value. 

The Weather Bureau is now an important branch of this de- 

weatter partment. It is housed at the corner of M and Twenty-fourth 

Bureau s t re ets, N. W. The instruments by which the meteorological 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 47 

conditions and changes are noted can be seen by visitors. The 
forecast of the weather for the ensuing forty-eight hours is 
given, based upon reports of local conditions telegraphed night 
and morning throughout the United States. From these, or- 
ders are telegraphed to each signal station to display certain 
signals. To this Bureau belongs the maintenance and operation 
of sea coast telegraph lines, gauging and reporting rivers, the col- 
lecting and transmitting of marine intelligence for the benefit of 
commerce and navigation, the reporting of temperature and 
rainfall conditions for the cotton industry, and other crops, and 
a close study of meteorology. 

The Medical Museum is east of the Smithsonian, corner of 
Seventh and B streets, S. W. Built in 1886-8. On the first floor Medical 

Museum 

will be found the Surgeon General's office, clerks of the Pension 
Eecord Division and Exhibit of Army Medical Supplies. On 
the second floor is a library of 200,000 volumes. 

The Fish Commission building is east of the Medical Museum, 
where can be seen in operation the appliances and processes of 
fish hatching. There are numerous aquaria filled with plants 
and fishes. The whole construction is to afford every facility for 
studying the habits of fishes, how propogated and distributed 
over the country. The fish ponds are near the Washington Mon- 
ument. 

TREASURY BUILDING. 

The Treasury Building is east of the White House. When 
General Jackson stuck his cane into the earth and said: "Here 
shall be laid the cornerstone of the Treasury Building," he de~ J^Jf^ 
stroyed the magnificent view of the Capitol from the White 
House and frustrated ftie plan of the engineer who planned the 
Capitol. 

The four fronts of the building cover a space 575 by 280 feet. 
There are three stories, basement and sub-basement, containing 
195 rooms. The east facade, including the colonnade of the 
original building, was erected in 1836-41, built of Virginia free- 
stone. In 1855 the extensions of Maine granite were com- 
menced. The north front was finished in 1869. It is of Ionic 



48 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

architecture, and the granite columns 'or monoliths are of one 
solid stone, 31^ feet high. It was of these monoliths, lying along 
the street, encased in wood, during the Civil war, .of which "Bull 
Eun" Eussell wrote to the London "Times" that they were 
"lying there in their wooden coffins, with their heads as near 
heaven as they would ever get to be. Nevertheless, they now 
stand proudly erect, "uncoffined," but not "unsung." 

A guide is sent with -visitors from 11 to 12 and from 1 to 2 
o'clock. Parties are formed and conducted to certain rooms. 
All parts of the money division are open to public inspection. 
The United States Treasurer's office, east corridor, first floor. 
The cash room, north corridor, main floor.. It is a magnificent 
room, extending through two stories, its walls finished in do- 
mestic and foreign marbles, and has a fine bronze balustrade. 
All disbursements of money take place here. At one end of the 
room is the Cashier's office, at the other the vault room. The 
silver vaults are in the basement and can be seen. The closed 
vaults, silver and gold, are in the sub-basement. The Eedemp- 
tion Division is in the basement. Women count the notes sent 
to the Treasury for redemption and cancellation. That the cur- 
rency can always be in good condition the Government pays ex- 
pressage on all notes returned to the exchange for new ones. 
The notes are carefully counted and assorted, and counterfeits 
detected. The amount of counterfeits some days runs to $350. 
All these are punctured with the word "Counterfeit." 

Burnt notes are of common frequency, and great skill is re- 
quired in handling them. Errors are charged against the salaries 
of the experts. Women have proved the best experts in this di- 
vision. 

The last room is where the cancellation takes place. In bun- 
dles of one hundred they are cut in half. One end is sent to the 
Secretary's office, the other to the Eegister. When the count 
is verified, they are placed in the macerating machine in the 
presence of those appointed. The pulp is used in quantities, 
and made into forms and sold. "Washington Monuments," min- 
iature buildings, busts of public men, etc., are made from it. 

The Secretary's office is in the southeast corner of the build- 
ing, second floor. In the same corridor is the office of Chief 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 49 

Clerk and Assistants. Here are portraits of the Secretaries of 
the Treasury. The Treasury Library is on the northwest corner 
of the attic. Here is found one of the finest equipped and best 
arranged libraries for students in the department. Great honor 
is due to Mrs. Kimball, who worked many years as Librarian 
here to make this a model library. 

The office of Supervising Architect of the Treasury is in the 
west corridor, near the south end of basement. On exhibition 
here are the plans and drawings of elevations of the United 
States public buildings. 

Other offices in the building are Life Saving Service, Light 
House Board, First and Second' Comptroller, Steamboat Inspec- 
tion, Commissioner of Customs and Internal Eevenue Eegister; 
First, Third, Fourth and Fifth Auditors, Comptroller of the Cur- 
rency, Director of the Mint, Bureau of Navigation, Secret Ser- 
vice Division and Treasurer of the United States. 

In 1800, November 17, the United States Congress took up its 
abode in the city of Washington. John Adams was President. 
Oliver Wolcott was Secretary of the Treasury. The Government 
officials from every department numbered 54 persons, including 
the President and Secretaries. In less than a century the growth 
of this Nation has been so great that, beside the enlarged struc- 
ture, six extensive bureaus have overflowed the bounds and have 
been housed elsewhere. The Bureau of Statistics, the Second 
Auditor, the Sixth Auditor, the Marine Hospital Service, the 
Coast and Geologic Survey, the Bureau of Engraving and Print- 
ing, and the Photographic office are all located outside. 

The Photographing Building of the Supervising Architect's 
office is in the south of the Treasury Building. In it are plans 
and specifications of public buildings outside of Washington. 

The Coast and Geodetic Survey is on New Jersey avenue, 
south of the Capitol. 

In the brownstone burlding opposite the White House, corner 
Pennsylvania avenue and Washington Place, is the Department 
of Justice and Court of Claims. Here all claims against the f™| tlce 
Government are adjusted. The Attorney General and his as- 
sistants have their offices here, and all legal advice to officers is 
here given. The walls of the Attorney General's office are lined 



Depart- 
ment of 



Court of 
Claims 



50 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

with portraits of all the Attorney Generals since the foundation 
of the Government. There is also a fine library in this building. 

The State, War and Navy Building is west of the White 
House, south of Pennsylvania avenue, east of Seventeenth street. 
The building, designed by A. B. Mullet, begun in 1871, was six 
vears in building. It contains 566 rooms and cost $11,000,000. 
state It is four buildings united in one. 
a Na^y The State Department is in the southern front of the building. 
In the Library are valuable State papers. The original en- 
grossed copy of the Declaration of Independence and the desk 
on which it was written are here. The Bureau of Indexes, the 
Diplomatic Bureau, the Consular Bureau, the Bureau of Ac- 
counts, Eolls, Library and Statistics are here. 

Portraits of the Secretaries, from Jefferson to date, are on the 
walls of the ante-room to the office of Secretary of State. The 
Diplomatic Eeception Eoom is rich in finish and furnishings, 
containing portraits of many statesmen. A messenger is always 
ready to conduct visitors. 

The Department of the Bureau of American Eepublics, under- 
the same supervision, is located at No. 2 La Fayette Square. 
The east wing of the building is occupied by the Navy. The 
Secretary of the Navy's office is on the east side, opposite cen- 
tral staircase. This room is in keeping with the rest of the 
buildings, beautiful in finish, and contains portraits of the Sec- 
retaries. In the corridors are exquisite models of our battle- 
ships. 

The stairways are well worth attention, having bronze balis- 
ters and mahoghany hand-rail. There is a fine library connected 
with this department. Other rooms are occupied by the officials 
of the Administrative Bureau of the department. At the west 
end of the corridor is a collection of wax figures illustrating 
Continental and modern uniforms of the United States Army. 

The War Department occupies the we*st section of the build- 
ing. The office of the Secretary on the second floor, and the 
library of 20,000 volumes on the fifth floor, are rooms of great 
interest. Here will be found the offices of Adjutant, Quarter- 
master, Commissary, Paymaster, Engineering, War Eecords, 
Public Buildings and Grounds. In connection with this de-- 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 5 1 

partment are the Washington Barracks or Arsenal, Soldiers' 
Home, Army and Medical Museum. 

The Interior Department Building, known as the Patent 
office, lies between Seventh and Mnth streets, W., and F and G 
streets. It is of Doric architecture, and one of the most impres- interior 
sire in the group of public buildings. It is 410 by 275 feet, three mlnt rt ~ 
stories and basement. Commenced in 1837, by Eobert Mills. Patent s 
The business of the bureaus, added from time to time to this de- 
partment, has greatly enlarged its scope. 

The department was organized in 1849 from the overflow of 
other departments. From the Department of State came the 
patent and census business. From the Treasury, the General 
Land office. From the War Department, Indian Affairs; and 
the Pension office from the War and Navy Departments. This 
department has sustained heavy losses by two fires. The fire of 
1877 destroyed 87,000 models and 600,000 drawings. The pres- 
ent building has cost nearly two and one-half millions, and is 
considered fire proof. The issuing of over half a million patents 
has paid the cost of the building and all its expenses since its 
organization: Most of the patents are now represented by charts 
instead of models, yet the Government has models 
enough for all exposition purposes, showing the evolu- 
tion in science, as in steam, telegraphic, phonographic, 
naval, agricultural, etc. The first exhibit ever made by any gov- 
ernment of patents issued by women was by the United States 
Government at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895. Beside the 
Bureau this department has charge of the Commissioners of 
Railroads; Office of Education, Eighth and G streets, and the 
Geological Survey, Hooe Building, 1330 F street. This includes 
divisions of Geography, Mining, Statistics, Technology, Paelon- 
tology, Topography and Illustration. 

The Postoffice is directly south of the Patent office. Com- *j°,?* e 
menced 1839, finished 1867, Corinthian architecture. 

Benjamin Franklin was appointed General Deputy Post- 
master of the Colonies, 1753. Postal facilities were preserved as 
far as possible. When allegiance to the crown was severed, Sam- 
uel Osgood was the first Postmaster. The Postmaster General 



52 COLUMBIA GUIDE) 

was recognized in Jackson's administration as an ex-officio Cab- 
inet Minister. Postage stamps were adopted 1847. 

In the Dead Letter office can be inspected the postal accounts 
Dead kept by Franklin when Postmaster General of the Colonies. 

Letter 

office Many unclaimed and curious articles can be seen in the 
Museum. 

Millions of letters annually come to this "mill." All are 
opened; valuables go into one hopper, papers into another, let- 
ters another, and an astounding percentage of letters with inad- 
equate addresses at last find their right destination. It is the 
most interesting part of the Postoffice. The Postoffice has- four 
assistant Postmaster Generals. The Sixth Auditor of the Treas- 
ury, who has charge of the accounts of this department, the 
Superintendents of the Dead Letter office and Railway Mail Ser- 
vice all have their offices in the building. The Money Order and 
Foreign Mails are in another building, Eighth and E streets. 

The new City Postoffice is on the corner of Penn avenue and 
cityPost- Eleventh street, and occupies a whole office square. It is not 
yet ready for use. Many of the Government offices will be in 
this building. 

The Pension Building is in the north of Judiciary Square, G 
street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, N. W., a fire proof brick 
structure. The frieze over the first story is of terra cotta, repre- 
senting naval and military subjects. Since 1885 all the Inaugu- 
ral balls have been held in the main hall. It is estimated that 
60,000 people can there congregate. 

The Government Printing Office is on North Capitol and H 

streets. It is the largest office of its kind in the world. All the 

Govern- publications, which annually issue from Congress — the daily 

printing "Congressional Record, when Congress is in session; "The Execu- 

Office ° . 

tive and Judiciary" are here printed. Nearly three thousand 
people are employed, an annual cost of $3,500,000. 

The Department of Labor, under the general supervision of 
Carol D. Wright, collects and publishes information and statis- 
tics regarding labor, including all questions that will better the 
D ientof con clition of men and women, materially, intellectually and mor- 
iiaoor ally, who live by their daily earnings. Offices, National Safe 
Deposit Building, New York avenue and Fifteenth street. 



Pension 
Building 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 53 

The Inter-State Commerce Commission examine into the inter- 
management of the business of all common carriers under the act commerce 
of February 4, 1887. All inter-State traffic is under its jurisdic- 
tion. Eooms, Sun Building, 1317 F street. 

All applicants for employment must go through an examina- 
tion controlled and superintended by the Commissioners, service 
Office, Concordia Building, Eighth and E streets. 

The Venezuela Boundary Commission, Sun Building, 1317 

F Street. Venezuela 

The Navy Yard is an interesting place to visit. It is at the 
foot of Eighth street, S. E., terminus Pennsylvania avenue cars. 
Grounds were laid out 1799; opened March, 1804. Nary 

1 Yard 

The residences of the officers surround the grounds. The 
Museum of Naval Belies contains many objects of interest. A 
cannon, cast in 1490, used by Cortez in Mexico; a small mortar, 
captured from Lord Cornwallis,. 1781, and numerous relics and 
curiosities. The large building at the right is the gun shop, 
where the process of gun making can be seen. Should there 
chance to be a vessel of war in port, permit to visit it can be ob- 
tained. 

The Marine Barracks are on Eighth street, a long row of low 
buildings. These are the headquarters of the Marine Corps 
There is a daily guard mount at 8 a. m. in summer; 9 a. m. in 
winter, and formal inspection on Monday, 10 a. m. Here is 
the residence of the famous Marine Band. Free concerts are Marille 
given by the band in the armory of the barracks, Mondays, 1:30 Ban-acts 
to 3 p. m., from January 1st to May 1st; Thursdays, on the 
parade, from May 1 to October, at 4 p. m. The Naval Hospital 
is one square north of the barracks, Ninth and E streets, S. E. 

The old Naval Observatory was located in University Square, obse'rVa- 
on what has been known since 1812 as Camp Hill, Twenty- tor y 
Fourth and Twenty-Fifth streets. This site overlooks "Brad- Brad ^ ocl£ 
dock Bock," where that General landed his troops in April, Rock 
1755. 

The new Naval Observatory is on the Tanlytown Boad, one- 
half a mile north of Georgetown. Electric cars run there. 

Permits can be obtained by application to the superintendent 
of the Observatory. Visiting nights, Tuesday and Thursday. 



54 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



New 
Naval 
Observa- 
tory, 



Present Superintendent, Com. E. L. Plrythian. The first object 
is to collate information that will be useful to mariners, like ex- 
act knowledge of latitude and longitude, the variation of the 
compass and knowledge of all instruments used in navigation. 



Corcoran 
Art Gal- 
lery 




NEW CORCORAN ART GALLERY. 

CORCORAN ART GALLERY. 

The old Art Gallery on Pennsylvania avenue was opened 1869. 
The building was the gift of W. W. Corcoran. This was the gift 
of his own art treasures and reserve fund amounts to $1,600,000. 

A new building is now ready for occupancy, Seventeenth and 
New York avenue, facing the "White Lot." It has a length of 
265 feet on Seventeenth street and 140 on New York avenue, 
and 120 on E street. The only ornaments of the front are above 
the doorway and under the eaves of the roof, the names of the 
world's famous artists are inscribed. Statuary hall is 170 feet 
long. Pictures will be hung in the gallery on the second floor, 
four other large rooms and numerous smaller ones are for the ex- 
hibition of water colors and works of art. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 55 

A lecture hall for use -when required and attached the gallery 
is an art school. A catalogue will be required for an intelligent 
study of the gallery. Open Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sun- 
day, admission, 25 cents. Tuesday, Thursday and Saturdays 
free. Hours, 10 a. in. to 4 p. m. 

HOMES OF NOTED PEOPLE. 

Beside the homes in Washington that have become historic, 
there are others, the names of whose occupants have become 
household words. 

The Secretary of State, Mr. Olney, lives at No. 1640 Ehode 
Island avenue. 

Mr. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury, home is 1426 K 
street. 

Mr. Lamont, Secretary of War, ] 607 H street. 

Mr. Wilson, Postmaster General, 1741 Q street. 

Members 

Mr. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy, 1925 P street. ortiie 

' J *' Cabinet 

Mr. J. Stewart Morton, Secretary of Agriculture, The Port- 
land. 

Mr. Chief Justice Fuller, 1800 Massachusetts avenue. 

Mr. Justice Field, 21 First street, N. E. 

Mr. Justice Harlan, Columbia Heights. 

Mr. Justice Grey, 1601 I street. 

Mr. Justice Brewer, 1412 Massachusetts avenue. 

Mr. Justice Brown, 1720 Sixteenth street. Tlie 

Mr. Justice Shiras, 1515 Massachusetts avenue. jwfee. 

Mr. Justice White, 1717 Rhode Island avenue. 

Mr. Justice Peckham, The Arlington. 

Massachusetts avenue begins at the Anacostia river, runs 
northwesterly through Lincoln square, Stanton square, Mt. 
Vernon square, where New York avenue crosses K street; 
through Thomas Circle, Scott, Dupont and Decatur Circle on to 
Rock creek. The homes of many well-known people are on this 
avenue. 

Mr. E. Francis Riggs' residence is No. 1311. 



56 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

Mrs. Dalghren, widow of the Admiral, lives at No. 1325. 

Senator Cullom is at 1413. The widow of Judge Miller is at 
1415. S. H. Kaufman, proprietor of the "Evening Star," is 
1421. Senator Davis (Minnesota), is 1428. Senator Burrows is 
1404, 

Louise Home, between Sixteenth street and Scott Circle, south 
side. The house on the north, between N street and Ehode Is- 
land avenue, was the home of Levi P. Morton when Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

The square on northeast corner was built by Hon. Don Cam- 
eron, now occupied by Mrs. D. P. Morgan, of New York. On the 
opposite corner the house was built by the late William Win- 
dom while Senator, is now the property of Charles A. Mann. Mr. 
Spofford, Librarian of the Congress, lives at 1621. Bishop 
Mr. Spof- Hearst's home is 1701. Beriah Welkin's, editor and proprietor 
of the Washington "Post," lives at 1709; Thomas Nelson Page, 
No. 1708; Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, 1705; Chief Justice 
Fuller, 1800, corner Eighteenth. The house opposite Mrs. Bel- 
den Noble. At No. 2013 lives Charles M. Ff oulke, who is posses- 
sor of one of the finest collections of tapestries in the world. B. 
H. Warner lives at 2120. The large square brick, No. 2122, was 
built by the late Mrs. Patten, of Nevada. Senator Edmunds lived 
across the street; the house was sold to Mrs. Ulysses Grant. Her 
daughter, Mrs. Nellie Grant Sartoris lives with her. 

One of the handsome streets of Washington is K street, which 

runs east and west. Beginning at Seventeenth street, northeast 

corner stands the house built by Alexander Shepherd, known as 

Alexander Boss Shepherd, to whom the country is indebted for the beautiful 

Shepherd . _f .' J 

Capitol City of to-day. 
»r. Taiier On the opposite corner, south, is the Sanitarium of Dr. Taber 

Johnson's 

sanitar- Johnson. John M. Wilson, Superintendent of Public Grounds 

inm x 

and Buildings lives atNo. 1141. 

IJowrey 

Mansion On the corner of Vermont avenue and K street is the home of 

Vander- 

oiits the late A. W. Lowery, occupied by William Vanderbilt, of New 
York. 

Senator 

Sherman The home of Senator John Sherman is 1319 K street. 
stratii- The Strathmore Arms, home of Mary S. Lockwood is 1101 K 



more 
Arms 



street, corner Eleventh and K. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 



57 



HOMES OF LITERARY PEOPLE. 

Almost beside the Capitol door was tlie home of the late Mary 
Clemmen Ames. It was in the square now occupied by the new 
Library. 

Across the park, No. 610 New Jersey avenue, is the home of 
Mrs. Lippincott (Grace Greenwood). 

A little farther to the east, between Fifth and Sixth streets, 
is Maple Square, the home of Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia). 

Farther back than runneth the memory of man this house was 
built, situated in the middle of the square. The wounded from 
Bladenburg, 1814, were cared for under this roof. 

The noted novelist, Mrs. Southworth, lives at the head of 
Prospect avenue, Georgetown. In this vine-clad cottage many 
of her stories have been written. 

Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett's home in "Washington is 1770 
Massachusetts avenue. 

John Flay, the poetic genius of "Pikes County Ballads," live^ 
at 1602 K street. 

Mrs. Madalin Vinton Dahlgren has been identified many 
years with the literary life of Washington. Her home is at the 
junction of Massachusetts avenue and M streets. 

Thomas Nelson Page lives on Massachusetts avenue, near- 
Seventeenth, yellow brick house. "Uncle Abe's White Folks' 
and other dialect stories have made Mr. Page's name famous. 



Mary 

Clemmen 

Arnes 



Grace 
Green- 
wood 

Emily 
Edsoii 
Briggs 
(Olivia) 



Mrs. E. 

D. N. Sonth- 

worth 

Frances 

Hodgson 

Burnett 



John 
Hay 



Madam 
Danlgren 



Thomas 

IVelson 

Page 



THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. 

The personel of the Diplomatic Corps consists of Envoys Ex- 
traordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, Ministers Resident, 
Charge d' Affairs, First Secretaries, Councillors, Chancellors,, 
General Secretaries, Military Attaches, Naval Attaches, Inter- 
preters and Translators. 

Ambassador is a term applied to the highest class of diplo- 
matic representatives. 

The date of the diplomatic credentials regulates the order of 
individual precedence in America; the segnior is known as the 
Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The homes of the most distin- 



58 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



British 

Legation. 

F st cars 

to Conn. 

Ave &N 
st 



French. 

, 14th st 

cars to 

Thomas 

Circle 

Russian. 

F st cars 

to I st or 

Pa. ave 

cars to 

18th st 

Mexican. 

14th st 

cars to I st 



German 



Chinese. 

14th st 

cars 

Spanish 



Japanese 



Korea 

Argentine 
Republic 
Hungary 



guished of the legations are the British, French, Mexican, Eus- 
sian, Chinese, Spanish and Japanese. 

The residence of the British Legation is one of the finest of 
the group, built when Sir Edward Thornton was England's Min- 
siter here. Stands on the corner of Connecticut avenue and 
~N streets. Sir William Pauncefort represents the English Gov- 
ernment Ambassador. 

The French Legation Building is on Massachusetts avenue, 
Terrace No. . 

The representative of the Czar of All the Eussias lives in the 
house, 1829 I street. 

The Mexican Legation is one of the most attractive homes 
among the foreign representatives. For many years the Ee- 
public has been represented by Senor Don Matias Eomero, Min- 
ister, located 1407 I street. 

Germany for many years has had a permanent home for its 
envoy. The Legation is located' on the Terrace, No. 1435 Massa- 
chusetts avenue. 

The Chinese Legation is on Columbia Heights, 2703 Four- 
teenth street. 

The Spanish Legation is located at 1700 Twentieth street. 

Senor Don Enrique Dupuy De Lome, Minister. 

Japan has always been represented by men of oiilture and edu- 
cation. The Legation is 1310 N street. 

Korea Legation, Iowa Circle. 

Argentine Eepublic, No. 1521 K street. 

Austria-Hungary Legation, No. 1721 Ehode Island avenue. 

Belgium Legation, 1800 N street. 

Brazil Legation, 1800 N street. 

Chili Legation, 1319 K street. 

Columbia Legation, 922 Faragut Square. 

Costa Eica Legation, 1500 Twentieth street. 

Denmark Legation, 1409 Twentieth street. 

Guatemala Legation, 1525 Eighteenth street. 

Hawaii Legation, 1105 Eighteenth street. 

Honduras Legation, 1525 Eighteenth street. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 59 

Italy Legation, 917 Eighteenth street. 
Netherlands Legation, No. 1013 Fifteenth street. 
Sweden and Norway Legation, 2011 Q street. 
Switzerland Legation, No. 1518 K street. 
Turkey Legation, No. 1802 B, street. 
Venezuela Legation, No. 2 Iowa Circle. 

SUBURBAN ATTRACTIONS. 



Soldier's 

Home. 
Cable or 



Bound- 
ary — 2 
fares 



The Soldiers' Home is one of the many attractions outside of 
Washington proper. cars*™ 

The environments of Washington and the surrounding coun- yth't" 11 
try in many parts are picturesque in the extreme. One that at- u^Jrom 
tracts many visitors is the Soldiers' Home. 

The tall brick building. to the right, beyond the boundary, is 
Howard University, a college for colored people, established Howard 
atter the war. S it y 

The Soldiers' Home is for the United States regulars or volun- 
teers who served in the Mexican and the late war, and for pri- 
vates in the. regular army. It was established in 1851 through 
the effort of General Winneld Scott out of funds received from 
the Mexicans by a levy at the time of the war. It is now main- 
tained partially by a monthly stipend of 12-J cents from the regu- 
lar soldiers. The usual number of veterans here averages about 
five hundred. 

The buildings are of the Normal style of architecture. There 
is a main hall or meeting room and offices, a handsome library, 
commodious dormitories, an hospital and chapel. 

A new theater has just been completed, the gift of a friend to 
the soldiers. 

The cottage west of the main building is the President's cot- 
tage. Presidents Pierce, Buchannan, Lincoln, Johnson, Hays 
and Arthur made it their summer home. The Home is under 
the charge of the War Department. 

North of the home is the National Military Cemetery; 5,500 
Federal and 271 Confederate soldiers are here buried. In sight JoiinA. 

° Logan 

of the road is the Mausoleum, wherein rests the remains of the 
honored statesman and soldier, John A. Logan. 



6o 



COLUMBIA GUIDE 



Rock 

Creek 

CItturch 



Catliolic 
Univer- 
sity. 
Ecking- 
ton & Sol- 
dier's 
Home 
R. R. from 
15tn <fc G 
or N. W. 
ave to 
7tli st 



Ecking- 
ton 



Kendall 

G-reen 

Deaf and 

Ou ml) 

Asylum 



To the northeast is Eoek Creek Church and cemetery. The 
church is one of the oldest in the District of Columbia, built in 
1719: rebuilt in 1868, and now sits as a sentinel amidst the 
graves and vaults whose tablets recall the names of men and wo- 
men familiar to us as the builders and keepers of this church, 
and of the capital itself. 

You here find the monument of Peter Force, the philanthro- 
pist; Mary Clemmer Ames, the author, and the wonderful con- 
ception of St. Gaudens, known to the public as "The Bronze 
Lady;" a monument over the grave of Mrs. John Adams, proba- 
bly in artistic detail the best statue in the District. 

The Catholic University is a National institution. The 
grounds cover about seventy acres. The building is of granite 
and Milestone and presents an imposing appearance. Divinity 
hall was erected in 1889. Herein is the museum, library and 
class rooms, lodgings for the professors and students of the 
divinity departments. 

In the upper story is a finely-equipped gymnasium. A beauti- 
ful chapel completes the department. 

There is a fine portrait of Maria C. Caldwell here, whose gift 
of $300,000 initiated the founding of the institution forTheology 
and Philosophy. The Hall of Philosophy to the right was the 
gift of Eev. James McMahon. 

To the legal, philosophical and scientific courses students are 
admitted without distinction of creed or sex. 

In going to the Catholic University you pass through the 
pleasant village of Eckington. You also pass Edgewood, the 
home of Mrs. Kate Chase Sprague. 

Kendall Green Deaf and Dumb Asylum has had several names; 
Columbia, Galudet, etc. The institution owes its beginning and 
its life to Hon. Amos Kendall, one of the city fathers who gave 
land, money and buildings toward its consummation. To Wash- 
ingtonians it can never be separated from the name of its 
founder. 

The institution is for the free education of the deaf and dumb, 
children of sailors and soldiers and to afflicted children of the 
District. Congress gives liberal appropriations to the institu- 
tion, which since 1864, has assumed to the dignity of a college. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 6 1 

Students are received on very reasonable terms. Visitors are 
admitted from 9 a. m. until 3 p. m. 

St. Elizabeth's is a government hospital for the insane. Take 
cable car to Navy Yard, take car for Anacostia, which will carry st. Eiiza- 
you-to the foot of the hill. If in a carriage, drive on to Overlook Over- 
Inn, one of the prettiest suburban spots around "Washington. 

The Zoological Park adjacent to the National Park is one of 
extensive dimensions. It is under the management of the Smith- zooiogi- 
sonian Institution. It is a pleasure ground as well as an experi- 
ment station, consequently the District of Columbia is taxed for 
one half the purchase and maintenance. 

Take the cable car at Fourteenth or Ninth streets; transfer at 
TJ street, leave car after crossing the bridge, follow lane to a 
flight of steps. Near the creek are the bear dens, which are 
formed by excavations in the rocks. It is easy to make your way 
to the animal house. In other quarters are the cages for wolves, 
dogs and foxes. Traveling menageries often winter their animals 
here. The bison, elk and deer have been brought mainly from 
Yellowstone Park. The beavers in the province given them 
have constructed dams and houses as they would in their native 
wilds. 

At the west gate the electric cars can be taken to Chevy Chase, 
a pretty collection of country villas and an inn. At the circle ciievy 
the cars will take you westward to the classical Potomac, and 
"Glen Echo." To the left is "Woodly Lane," President Cleve- 
land's summer home. Glen Echo is the best located and most Gien 
rural and picturesque of any of the suburban attractions. An 
auditorium has been built that will seat five thousand people. 

Starting from Prospect street, Georgetown, an electric car 
which Connects with E street line runs up the Potomac and con- cai>iu 
duit road; both roads unite at Glen Echo and go on to Cabin Bridal 
Johns Bridge and Great Falls. The starting of the aqueduct is 
at the falls five miles from Glen Echo. The ride along the 
Potomac or over the hills, the suburban villas, rustic hill sides, FaiL 
the beautiful Potomac make this the most charming ride out of 
Washington. 



olution. 



62 COLUMBIA GUIDE 



SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 

The headquarters of the D. A. E.'s is in the Loan and Tru^t 
building, Ninth and F streets. This society was organized Octo- 
ber! of her 11, 1891, in the Strathmore Arms, Washington, D. C. It i& 
kaniaev- a patriotic society, organized to cherish, maintain and extend the 
institntions of American freedom, to foster true patriotism and 
love of country. 

Its first President was Mrs. Caroline Scott Harrison, wife of 
President Harrison. The second was Letetia Green Stevenson, 
wife of Vice President Stevenson. The third, Mrs. Mary Parke 
Foster, wife of Hon. John W. Poster. The fourth and present 
president is Mrs. Letetia Green Stevenson. 

THE WOMAN'S NATIONAL PRESS ASSOCIATION. 

This association is the oldest organization of its kind in the 
world, having been founded in the city of Washington in 1882. 
Col. 0. G. Staples has for many years generously provided 
n. p. a. q Uar ters at the Eiggs House for their bi-monthly meetings. The 
society is national in its character and women writers are wel- 
come. 

The presidents have been Mrs. Emily Edson Briggs (Olivia), 
Mrs. M. D. Lincoln, Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood, Mrs. H. B. Sperry, 
Mrs. E. S. Cromwell. 

District of Columbia Federation of Woman Clubs, organized 
bia°F l ed- December, 1894, includes Woman's National Press Association, 
woman's Pre-Ke-Nata, District Woman's Suffrage Association, Legion of 
Loyal Women, Department of Potomac W. E. C, District W. C. 
T. U., Excelsior Literary Club, The Washington Kintergarten 
Club, Wimodaughsis, Woman's Bindery Union, The Lend-a- 
Hand Club of Baltimore. 

The object is to secure more thorough acquaintance, and in 
case of need united action. The work is general and is hospit- 
able to all thought affecting human welfare. President, Mary 
S. Lockwood, 1101 K street. 



The W. 



District 



Clubs 



Official 
Etiquette 






HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 63 

The Sons of the American Bevolution and Sons of the Revolu- 
tion have each strong organizations in Washington. The object sons or 
is identical with that of the Daughters of the American Revolu- ican Rev" 
tion. olutloIk ' 



OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 

Washington etiquette differs in some respects from other cities 
from its official character. Certain formalities that prevail in 
other places do not find its counterpart here. Strangers visiting 
the city make the first call upon the official families. Public 
receptions given by the President, members of the Supreme 
Court, Cabinet officers, Senators, members of Congress, are free 
to all. In a manner the official family belongs to the public, 
have been placed there by the people. 

President Washington established the order of precedence 
governed by the Constitution as a means toward harmony in gov- 
ernmental administration as well as social relations. 

The President ranks first in official life; in conversation he is 
addressed as "Mr. President"; in correspondence as ''The Presi- 
dent/' His excellency is not used. 

The Vice President ranks second by virtue of his right of 
succession. 

The Presidential Succession bill, which passed Congress Janu- 
ary 19, 1886, established the relative precedence of Cabinet offi- 
cers, but did not settle the question of social precedence between 
the Cabinet and the Senate. This question remains as it was left 
in the days when Monroe was President and John Q. Adams Sec- 
retary of State and a Cabinet meeting called for the purpose 
failed to settle the question. 

The succession is as follows: First, Secretary of State; second, 
the Secretary of the Treasury; third, the Secretary of War; 
fourth, the Secretary of Interior; fifth, the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture. 

The wife of the President ranks the same as her husband. 
She receives first calls and is not expected to return them. 
Custom makes it proper for other members of the family to re- 
turn visits. 



64 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

It is not admissable to decline an invitation to a state dinner 
or any invitation of a social nature coining from the Presi- 
dent. Other engagements must be cancelled. If illness or 
death occurs, regrets have to be sent, stating reasons. 

The official season begins iSTew Year's Day and lasts until Ash 
"Wednesday, the first day of Lent. During the session of Con- 
gress receptions are given and all who desire can attend. Upon 
entrance, your name is given to the usher, who announces it to 
the Marshall of the District, who introduces you to the Presi- 
dent or wife of the President as the case may be. If to the Presi- 
dent. An officer of the Army, detailed for the purpose, gives the 
introduction to the President's wife. She in turn to the next in 
line. At a morning reception, a street costume is proper; at 
evening, full toilet is required. 

During the season three card receptions are given. The first 
is to the Diplomatic Corps; the second to the Judiciary and Con- 
gress, and the third to the Army and Navy and Marine Corps. 
Invitations for the whole series are sent at the beginning of the 
season. 

The President is assisted on these occasions by his wife, the 
wife of the Vice President and Cabinet ladies. 

It has been the custom for the last three administrations for 
the President to receive the public on Wednesday and Friday, 
at 1 o'clock in the East room. 

The wife of the Speaker of the House receives on Wednesdays 
at the same hour as the Cabinet ladies, 3 to 6. The name of each 
visitor is announced to the hostess by some one detailed for the 
purpose. Carriage, costume or street dress should be worn. 
Those receiving are in full dress. Cabinet ladies of late years do 
not call, but send cards. 

Foreign Ministers make the first calls on the President. 

The ladies of the Supreme Court, receive Mondays; Con- 
gressional ladies, Tuesdays; Senatorial ladies, Thursdays. Capi- 
tol Hill homes receive Mondays. 

Custom has made Tuesday, K street day; Thursday, H and I 
street; Friday, F and G street; Saturday, Connecticut avenue; 
hours, 3 to 6. 



HISTORIC AND MODERN WASHINGTON. 65 

DIRECTORY. 

CLUBS. 

Army and Navy, No. 1, Connecticut avenue. 

Cosmes Literary and Scientific, H and Fifteenth streets. 

Metropolitan, H and Seventeenth streets. 

Woman's Washington Club, I street. 

Daughters of the American Eevolution, Loan and Trust cim* 
Building. 

The Federated Clubs District Columbia. President, 1101 K 
street. 

Woman's National Press Association, headquarters Riggs 
House. 

Woman's Business Club, ' Eleventh street. 

CHURCHES. 

The following are among the leading churches: 

Baptist, Calvary, H and Eighth streets. 

Christian, Vermont avenue, between N and Sixth streets. 

Congregational, First, G- and Tenth streets. 

Episcopal (Protestant), St. John's, H and Sixteenth streets. cimrci les 

Epiphany, G street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
streets. 

St. Andrew's; Corcoran and Eighteenth streets. 

Friends (Hixite), I street, between Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth streets. 

Hebrew, Eighth, between II and I streets. 

Lutheran, Memorial, Fourteenth and Vermont avenue. 

Methodist, Foundry, G- and Fourteenth streets. 

Metropolitan, C and 4^ streets. 

Presbyterian, Covenant, Connecticut avenue and N street. 

First Presbyterian, 4-J street, between C and D. 

New York Avenue, H, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth. 

Eoman Catholic, St. Alloysius, Q and North Capital streets. 

St. Matthew's. 






66 COLUMBIA GUIDE 

1 Swedenborgen, ■ Eighteenth and Corcoran streets. 
Unitarian, All Souls', Fourteenth and L streets. 
Universalist, Church 6i Our Father, Thirteenth and L 

streets. 

St. Matthews, Ehode Island avenue. 



Parker, Bridget & Co. 

Progressive Clothiers, 315 7th St. 



We never allow ourselves to be 
undersold. Some merchants may offer 
Clothing at a lower price, but when you 
investigate you'll find the cloth and 
workmanship to be very inferior. Our 
Clothing is as good as the tailors' best 
efforts, and yet less than half their prices. 
We pride ourselves on the fit of our 
Clothing — it doesn't " draw," nor yet is 
it loose fitting — it's just the faultless, happy medium. 




Parker, Bridget & Co., 

Progressive Clothiers, 315 7th St. 



Organised March, fSpj. 

WASHINGTON NATIONAL 

Building and Loan Association 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Assets March, 1896, over . $1,000,000 
Stock in Force, over . . . 6,500,000 



ASSETS : 

Aug. 31, 1893, $78,021 33 

Feb. 28, 1894, 162,958 22 

Aug. 31, 1894, 270,072 09 

Feb. 28, 1895, 409,387 99 

Aug. 31, 1895, 522,772 07 

Feb. 29, 1896, 691,687 90 

Aug. 31, 1896, 847,952 81 

March, 1897, over #1,000,000. 



Four Classes of Stock : Maturity Value, $100. 

INSTALMENT- Monthly payment, 60 cents, limited to 96 months 
INSTALMENT— ^-rate, " 30 " " "144 

FULL PAID— Cost $100 per Share— Cash Dividend, semi-annually at 
6 per cent, per annum the first two years, and 7 per cent, thereafter. 
PREPAID — Cost $50 per share, upon which amount a semi-annual divi- 
dend at 4 per cent, per annum is paid. Participates in full profits. 
Maturity value $100 per share. 

This stock is issued to meet the wants of many who are satisfied with a low rate of 
interest and who desire a more speedy maturity. It should mature to $100 per share in 
about seven or eight years, and is particularly commended to conservative investors. 
The original issue of prepaid stock, now at a premium of $10 per share, has been with- 
drawn from the market. 



OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS! 

Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President, Wm. H. Taylor, Treasurer, 

Hon. Robert P. Porter, Vice-President, J. C. Stoddard, Secretary, 
Hon. James T. Dubois, 2d Vice-President, Hon. T. H. Anderson, 

General Manager and Counsel. 
H. Bradley Davidson, Hon. R. e;. Doan, Hon. George F. Huff, 

Jesse B. Wilson, Theodore A. Harding, William H. Taylor. 



For further information, Investors and Agents who can get business without mis" 
representation should address 

J. C. STODDARD, Secretary, 

12TH AND G STREETS, N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 




J. D. TAYLOR, PRESIDENT 

T. H. ANDERSON, 

Vice-president 

WM. OSCAR ROOME, CASHIER 

F. A. SEBRING, 

Assistant Cashier 




Ml 




1 




M. A 








Corner of G and 12th Streets, N. W. 

WASHINGTON; D. C. 



Accounts of Mercantile Firms and Individuals, as well as 
Banks and Bankers, are solicited and will receive careful 
attention. 

We issue Bills of Exchange on all the principle cities of 
the world. 

Our facilities for handling collections are unsurpassed. 

Attention is invited to our safe deposit vault, containing 
boxes of all sizes at reasonable rental. 




opton (§>. ^>tout ^ (® o. 



Merchant 



Tailor 



i 20 i F Street, N. W 



.... FINE TAILORING AT MODERATE .... 

PRICES 






"Business Suits from $10 to $35 

Morning Suits from $15 to $43 

Prince Albert Suits from $20 to $45 

Full Dress Suits from $25 to $50 









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-«V 'A* -A- %V %V %V *..• ■«•• *«V 



* * ■' 



AT STOLL'S 



Fashionable Footwear 
at popular prices 



Nowhere else in Washington 
can such pleasing styles be seen 
in such variety as here. No- 
where else are the prices so low. 
Nowhere else can the famous 
" Stoll " qualities be obtained. 
Shoes for the family — from the 
baby up. Shoes that will please 
— Shoes that will wear. 



STOLL'S, "810" SEVENTH 



r ~ ' =— E 1 



Strangers in Washington 
Seeking Stationery 

Can find exactly what they want -in quality the finest, and prices- 
far below that usually quoted elsewhere for similar grades of 
goods. Anything and everything in the line of fine and medium 
grade papers — the product of world-famous makers. 

Books, Perodicals 

Everything that's new — that's standard - lately issued — or pub- 
lished -some time ago — in Fiction, Science, Poetry, Travels, &c. 
In fact, the whole dominion of literature is represented. Mention 
this advertisement and receive 20 per cent, discount from regular 
prices. 

f STATIONERY, ENGRAVING AND 

DECKER'S \ B00KS 

I 1111 F Street, N. W. 

Every Class of Engraving Work Performed . 

TLe Cn&ndlee Wire Fence. 

No tools necessary. Anyone can erect it. 
9 strand fence 40c a rod. 
6 strand fence 25c a rod. 

STRONG, DURABLE, HOG TIGHT. 

BIG MONEY FOR AGENTS. 
ADDRESS, 

CH&NDLEE FENCE COMPANY, 906 F Street, 
Washington, D. C. 



PATENTS PROCURED AND SOIyD. 

The United States Patent Soliciting and Trading Co. 

904-906 F STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
SOLICITORS AND EXPERTS 

We advertise and sell patents taken out by us. 

Write for illustrated book on patents and list of what to in vent. Send! 
sketch or niodel and we will tell you if you can get a patent. 
Wo charge for selling patents until sold. 



"The Fi^st" 

,-;v""tn 



rsTER House 




W.H'.yt'OMAM, 

p » op . 




Bro. B. P. O. E., No. ij, Washington, D. C. 



Designs Furnished 
Interior Plain Painting 



Geo. F. W. Strieby & Son 



FRESCO AND 
DECORATIVE ARTISTS 



Room JO ♦ . . ♦ 



UJ4 F Street, N.W. 



National Carpet Cleaning Works 

Churches, Halls and Ball 

^ Rooms Decorated ^ 

for Weddings, Balls, &c. 



opk§: p\o. 17 © d>tpeef, p\. 



Awnings and Window Shades 
General Upholstering 



Office: 1114 F Street, N. W. 



TH0MA5 KEELY, 

Proprietor 



The Strathmore 
Arms 

1101 K Street, Washington, D. C. 

Favorably Known to Senators and Members 

Rooms Ensuite or Single with Board 
M. S. LOCKWOOD 



Furniture Bought, 

/•w i ■% i i - ^ t t u,a riattresses 

Sold and Exchanged ***«y«*& and 



Mattressess Made 

to Order 
Old riattresses 



Hade Over 



The Exchange 
Furniture Co. 



DEALERS IN 



NEW AND SECOND-HAND 

CARPETS CLEANED 

FURNITURE 



The 



Exchange Furniture Co. 



GEO. JOHNSON 

j. p. horbach 1331 and 1333 H Street, N. W. 



Columbia Bicycles 

BICYCLE 
ACADEMY 

Corner 22d and P Streets 



BEST INSTRUCTORS IN CITY MUSIC EVERY EVENING. 

SPECIAL ENTERTAINMENT SATURDAY NIGHTS. 



PINE ILLUSTRATIONS 



* * * By Every Process 

For All Purposes 



The Cuts in this Guide Book are specimens 
of our work. Write for Prices and Speci- 
mens e^e^eM^e^s^s^eMe^ 

The Maurice Joyce Engraving Co* 

4J4 JJth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Harrisburg Publishing 
Company 



3 ^m Book and Job 

tz m PRINTERS I 



r 



PUBLISHERS 

"Notes and Queries" 

Central Pennsylvania History and Genealogy 

• • • 

SEND FOR ESTIMATES 

• • • 

HARRISBURQ, PENNA. M W J1^ ARNEY 







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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



historic fiomt 
Washington 



014 310 468 
* VI 



ITS NOTED MEN AND WOMEN \ 



A 



BY 



tftary Smith EocKwood 



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